Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxx.--the Game of Hide-and-seek As Played By the Hawk and the Bush Cow., sentence 28
On his way he passed several cocks and hens, and asked them where the hawk was, but they only laughed at him.
Who acts: antelope, hawk, hawks · What happens: pass, ask, be, laugh · To what, where: several cocks, way, cocks
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxx.--the Game of Hide-and-seek As Played By the Hawk and the Bush Cow.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (antelope, hawk, hawks), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | On | on | ADP | _ | 3 way | case |
| 2 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 3 way | nmod:poss |
| 3 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 passed | obl |
| 4 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 passed | nsubj |
| 5 | passed | pass | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | several | several | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 cocks | amod |
| 7 | cocks | cock | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 passed | obj |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 hens | cc |
| 9 | hens | hen | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 cocks | conj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 asked | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 asked | cc |
| 12 | asked | ask | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 passed | conj |
| 13 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 asked | obj |
| 14 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 17 was | advmod |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 hawk | det |
| 16 | hawk | hawk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 was | nsubj |
| 17 | was | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 asked | advcl |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 laughed | punct |
| 19 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 22 laughed | cc |
| 20 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 laughed | nsubj |
| 21 | only | only | ADV | _ | 22 laughed | advmod |
| 22 | laughed | laugh | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 passed | conj |
| 23 | at | at | ADP | _ | 24 him | case |
| 24 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 laughed | obl |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 passed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | pass | past | antelope | several cocks and hens | antelope's way | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent cock=Theme on way=Destination | |||
| 2 | ask speech: ask | past | antelope not said here | cocks = cock | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent they=Recipient | ||||
| 3 | be | past | the hawk | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | laugh | past | hawks = hawk | at antelope | vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/23/28/