Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxx.--the Game of Hide-and-seek As Played By the Hawk and the Bush Cow., sentence 30
At last he became so angry that he threatened to trample on them if they did not tell him.
Who acts: antelope, hawks · What happens: become, threaten, trample, not tell · To what, where: last, antelope · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxx.--the Game of Hide-and-seek As Played By the Hawk and the Bush Cow.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (antelope, hawks), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | At | at | ADP | _ | 2 last | case |
| 2 | last | last | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 became | obl |
| 3 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 became | nsubj |
| 4 | became | become | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | so | so | ADV | _ | 6 angry | advmod |
| 6 | angry | angry | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 became | xcomp |
| 7 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 9 threatened | mark |
| 8 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 threatened | nsubj |
| 9 | threatened | threaten | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 angry | advcl |
| 10 | to | to | PART | _ | 11 trample | mark |
| 11 | trample | trample | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 threatened | xcomp |
| 12 | on | on | ADP | _ | 13 them | case |
| 13 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 trample | obl |
| 14 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 18 tell | mark |
| 15 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 tell | nsubj |
| 16 | did | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 tell | aux |
| 17 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 18 tell | advmod |
| 18 | tell | tell | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 trample | conj |
| 19 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 tell | iobj |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 became | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | become | past | antelope | last | angry property | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | |||
| 2 | threaten | past | antelope | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | trample not said to happen | to-infinitive | antelope not said here | on hawks = hawk | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | not tell speech: assert a condition, not said to happen | past · do-support | hawks = hawk | antelope | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent he=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/23/30/