Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxx.--the Game of Hide-and-seek As Played By the Hawk and the Bush Cow., sentence 37
Now at this time the cocks and hens, who were related to the bush fowls, used to live with them in the same place, and when the eagle told them that the hawk would kill their chickens, they made up their minds to go and live with the men.
Who acts: cocks, eagle, hawk, eagles, hawks · What happens: be, fowl, use, live, tell, kill · To what, where: same place, cocks, chickens, minds · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxx.--the Game of Hide-and-seek As Played By the Hawk and the Bush Cow.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cocks, eagle, hawk, eagles), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | root | root |
| 2 | at | at | ADP | _ | 4 time | case |
| 3 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 4 time | det |
| 4 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Now | obl |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 cocks | det |
| 6 | cocks | cock | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 time | appos |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 hens | cc |
| 8 | hens | hen | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 cocks | conj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 related | punct |
| 10 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 12 related | nsubj |
| 11 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 related | cop |
| 12 | related | related | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 cocks | parataxis |
| 13 | to | to | ADP | _ | 15 bush | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 bush | det |
| 15 | bush | bush | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 fowls | obl |
| 16 | fowls | fowl | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 related | parataxis |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 used | punct |
| 18 | used | use | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 16 fowls | advcl |
| 19 | to | to | PART | _ | 20 live | mark |
| 20 | live | live | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 18 used | xcomp |
| 21 | with | with | ADP | _ | 22 them | case |
| 22 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 live | obl |
| 23 | in | in | ADP | _ | 26 place | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 place | det |
| 25 | same | same | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 place | amod |
| 26 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 live | obl |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 43 made | punct |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 43 made | cc |
| 29 | when | when | SCONJ | _ | 32 told | mark |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 eagle | det |
| 31 | eagle | eagle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 told | nsubj |
| 32 | told | tell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 43 made | advcl |
| 33 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 told | iobj |
| 34 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 38 kill | mark |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 hawk | det |
| 36 | hawk | hawk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 kill | nsubj |
| 37 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 38 kill | aux |
| 38 | kill | kill | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 32 told | ccomp |
| 39 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 40 chickens | nmod:poss |
| 40 | chickens | chicken | NOUN | Number=Plur | 38 kill | obj |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 told | punct |
| 42 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 43 made | nsubj |
| 43 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 fowls | parataxis |
| 44 | up | up | ADP | _ | 43 made | compound:prt |
| 45 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 46 minds | nmod:poss |
| 46 | minds | mind | NOUN | Number=Plur | 43 made | obj |
| 47 | to | to | PART | _ | 48 go | mark |
| 48 | go | go | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 43 made | advcl |
| 49 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 50 live | cc |
| 50 | live | live | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 48 go | conj |
| 51 | with | with | ADP | _ | 53 men | case |
| 52 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 53 men | det |
| 53 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 50 live | obl |
| 54 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Now | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | the cocks and hens | related property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | fowl | present | to the bush | vn berry-13.7 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | use | participle | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | ||||||
| 4 | live | to-infinitive | the same place | with cocks = cock | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme with they=Location | ||||
| 5 | tell speech: assert | past | the eagle | cocks = cock | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent they=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 6 | kill | would | the hawk | hawks's chickens | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chicken=Theme | ||||
| 7 | make up | past | eagles = eagle | hawks's minds | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme mind=Pivot | ||||
| 8 | go | to-infinitive | eagles = eagle not said here | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 9 | live | infinitive | eagles = eagle not said here | with the men | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme with man=Location | ||||
| 11 | mind | hawks = hawk | nom mind «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/23/37/