Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxx.--the Game of Hide-and-seek As Played By the Hawk and the Bush Cow., sentence 36
So the eagle sent for them and said, “It was you who told the bush cow where the hawk was hiding and in consequence I have had to pay a large amount to the antelope as a punishment; for the future I shall allow the hawk to always kill your children whenever he can catch them.”
Who acts: eagle, amount, you, hawk, antelope · What happens: send, say, be, tell, hide, have · To what, where: you, bush cow, consequence, large amount, hawk, children · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxx.--the Game of Hide-and-seek As Played By the Hawk and the Bush Cow.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (eagle, amount, you, hawk), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | So | so | ADV | _ | 4 sent | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 eagle | det |
| 3 | eagle | eagle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 sent | nsubj |
| 4 | sent | send | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | for | for | ADP | _ | 6 them | case |
| 6 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 sent | obl |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 said | cc |
| 8 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 sent | conj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 told | punct |
| 10 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 15 told | punct |
| 11 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 you | nsubj |
| 12 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 you | cop |
| 13 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 15 told | nsubj |
| 14 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 15 told | nsubj |
| 15 | told | tell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 said | conj |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 cow | det |
| 17 | bush | bush | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 cow | compound |
| 18 | cow | cow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 told | obj |
| 19 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 23 hiding | advmod |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 hawk | det |
| 21 | hawk | hawk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 hiding | nsubj |
| 22 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 hiding | aux |
| 23 | hiding | hide | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 18 cow | acl:relcl |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 had | cc |
| 25 | in | in | ADP | _ | 26 consequence | case |
| 26 | consequence | consequence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 had | obl |
| 27 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 29 had | nsubj |
| 28 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 29 had | aux |
| 29 | had | have | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 23 hiding | conj |
| 30 | to | to | PART | _ | 31 pay | mark |
| 31 | pay | pay | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 29 had | xcomp |
| 32 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 34 amount | det |
| 33 | large | large | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 amount | amod |
| 34 | amount | amount | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 pay | obj |
| 35 | to | to | ADP | _ | 37 antelope | case |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 antelope | det |
| 37 | antelope | antelope | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 pay | obl |
| 38 | as | as | ADP | _ | 40 punishment | case |
| 39 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 40 punishment | det |
| 40 | punishment | punishment | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 pay | obl |
| 41 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 47 allow | punct |
| 42 | for | for | ADP | _ | 44 future | case |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 44 future | det |
| 44 | future | future | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 allow | obl |
| 45 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 47 allow | nsubj |
| 46 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 47 allow | aux |
| 47 | allow | allow | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 15 told | ccomp |
| 48 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 49 hawk | det |
| 49 | hawk | hawk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 allow | obj |
| 50 | to | to | PART | _ | 52 kill | mark |
| 51 | always | always | ADV | PronType=Tot | 52 kill | advmod |
| 52 | kill | kill | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 47 allow | advcl |
| 53 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 54 children | nmod:poss |
| 54 | children | child | NOUN | Number=Plur | 52 kill | obj |
| 55 | whenever | whenever | ADV | PronType=Rel | 58 catch | advmod |
| 56 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 58 catch | nsubj |
| 57 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 58 catch | aux |
| 58 | catch | catch | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 52 kill | advcl |
| 59 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 58 catch | obj |
| 60 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 said | punct |
| 61 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 sent | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | send | past | the eagle | for cocks = cock | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | the eagle not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | is a in a quote | past | amount | you | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | tell speech: assert in a quote | past | you | the bush cow | who nsubj | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent cow=Recipient clause=Topic | |||
| 5 | hide in a quote | past · progressive | the hawk | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | have in a quote | present · perfect | the eagle = eagle | consequence | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | pay in a quote | to-infinitive | the eagle = eagle not said here | a large amount | to the antelope; as a punishment | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent amount=Asset | |||
| 8 | allow in a quote | shall | the eagle = eagle | the hawk | for the future goal | vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent hawk=Theme for future=Goal | |||
| 9 | kill in a quote | to-infinitive | the eagle = eagle not said here | your children | always property | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent child=Theme | |||
| 10 | catch in a quote | can | antelope | hawks = hawk | whenever property | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/23/36/