Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxx.--the Game of Hide-and-seek As Played By the Hawk and the Bush Cow., sentence 35
That night the hawk told the eagle that it was the cock and hens who told the bush cow to wave his arm over his horns, otherwise he never would have been found.
Who acts: hawk, amount, hens · What happens: tell, be, wave, not find · To what, where: eagle, cock, bush cow, arm, horns, antelope · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxx.--the Game of Hide-and-seek As Played By the Hawk and the Bush Cow.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hawk, amount, hens), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | That | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 2 night | det |
| 2 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 told | obl:unmarked |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 hawk | det |
| 4 | hawk | hawk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 told | nsubj |
| 5 | told | tell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 eagle | det |
| 7 | eagle | eagle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 told | obj |
| 8 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 12 cock | mark |
| 9 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 cock | nsubj |
| 10 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 cock | cop |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 cock | det |
| 12 | cock | cock | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 told | ccomp |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 hens | cc |
| 14 | hens | hen | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 cock | conj |
| 15 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 16 told | nsubj |
| 16 | told | tell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 hens | acl:relcl |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 cow | det |
| 18 | bush | bush | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 cow | compound |
| 19 | cow | cow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 told | obj |
| 20 | to | to | PART | _ | 21 wave | mark |
| 21 | wave | wave | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 16 told | ccomp |
| 22 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 23 arm | nmod:poss |
| 23 | arm | arm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 wave | obj |
| 24 | over | over | ADP | _ | 26 horns | case |
| 25 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 26 horns | nmod:poss |
| 26 | horns | horn | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 wave | obl |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 found | punct |
| 28 | otherwise | otherwise | ADV | _ | 34 found | advmod |
| 29 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 34 found | nsubj |
| 30 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 34 found | advmod |
| 31 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 34 found | aux |
| 32 | have | have | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 34 found | aux |
| 33 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 34 found | aux:pass |
| 34 | found | find | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 21 wave | conj |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 told | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | tell speech: assert | past | the hawk | the eagle | night | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent eagle=Recipient | |||
| 2 | is a | past | amount | the cock and hens | hens conj | tree rules | |||
| 3 | tell speech: assert | past | hens | the bush cow | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent cow=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 4 | wave not said to happen | to-infinitive | antelope's arm | antelope's horns | vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent arm=Patient | ||||
| 5 | not find | would · perfect · passive | antelope | otherwise property | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/23/35/