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Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxx.--the Game of Hide-and-seek As Played By the Hawk and the Bush Cow., sentence 35

That night the hawk told the eagle that it was the cock and hens who told the bush cow to wave his arm over his horns, otherwise he never would have been found.

Who acts: hawk, amount, hens · What happens: tell, be, wave, not find · To what, where: eagle, cock, bush cow, arm, horns, antelope · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxx.--the Game of Hide-and-seek As Played By the Hawk and the Bush Cow.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hawk, amount, hens), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

detobl:unmarkeddetnsubjdetobjmarknsubjcopdetccompccconjnsubjacl:relcldetcompoundobjmarkccompnmod:possobjcasenmod:possoblpunctadvmodnsubjadvmodauxauxaux:passconjpunctrootThatDETnightNOUNtheDEThawkNOUNtoldVERBtheDETeagleNOUNthatSCONJitPRONwasAUXtheDETcockNOUNandCCONJhensNOUNwhoPRONtoldVERBtheDETbushNOUNcowNOUNtoPARTwaveVERBhisPRONarmNOUNoverADPhisPRONhornsNOUN,PUNCTotherwiseADVhePRONneverADVwouldAUXhaveAUXbeenAUXfoundVERB.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1ThatthatDETNumber=Sing PronType=Dem2 nightdet
2nightnightNOUNNumber=Sing5 toldobl:unmarked
3thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art4 hawkdet
4hawkhawkNOUNNumber=Sing5 toldnsubj
5toldtellVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Finrootroot
6thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art7 eagledet
7eagleeagleNOUNNumber=Sing5 toldobj
8thatthatSCONJ_12 cockmark
9ititPRONCase=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs12 cocknsubj
10wasbeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin12 cockcop
11thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art12 cockdet
12cockcockNOUNNumber=Sing5 toldccomp
13andandCCONJ_14 henscc
14henshenNOUNNumber=Plur12 cockconj
15whowhoPRONPronType=Rel16 toldnsubj
16toldtellVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin14 hensacl:relcl
17thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art19 cowdet
18bushbushNOUNNumber=Sing19 cowcompound
19cowcowNOUNNumber=Sing16 toldobj
20totoPART_21 wavemark
21wavewaveVERBVerbForm=Inf16 toldccomp
22hishisPRONCase=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs23 armnmod:poss
23armarmNOUNNumber=Sing21 waveobj
24overoverADP_26 hornscase
25hishisPRONCase=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs26 hornsnmod:poss
26hornshornNOUNNumber=Plur21 waveobl
27,,PUNCT_34 foundpunct
28otherwiseotherwiseADV_34 foundadvmod
29hehePRONCase=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs34 foundnsubj
30neverneverADVPronType=Neg34 foundadvmod
31wouldwouldAUXVerbForm=Fin34 foundaux
32havehaveAUXVerbForm=Inf34 foundaux
33beenbeAUXTense=Past VerbForm=Part34 foundaux:pass
34foundfindVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass21 waveconj
35..PUNCT_5 toldpunct

Pragmatics

#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1tell speech: assertpastthe hawkthe eaglenightvn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent eagle=Recipient
2is apastamountthe cock and henshens conjtree rules
3tell speech: assertpasthensthe bush cowvn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent cow=Recipient clause=Topic
4wave not said to happento-infinitiveantelope's armantelope's hornsvn wink-40.3.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent arm=Patient
5not findwould · perfect · passiveantelopeotherwise propertyvn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/23/35/