Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxxi.--chief Kekong’s Daughter ’ndere Who Married a Python., part 2, sentence 51
The men then went out hunting again, but all day long Aictor followed them, calling out Agbor Adam’s name, and saying he had broken the law.
Who acts: men, day, AGBOR · What happens: go out, hunt, follow, call out, say, break · To what, where: men, name, law · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxxi.--chief Kekong’s Daughter ’ndere Who Married a Python., part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (men, day, AGBOR), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 men | det |
| 2 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 went | nsubj |
| 3 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 4 went | advmod |
| 4 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | out | out | ADP | _ | 4 went | compound:prt |
| 6 | hunting | hunt | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 4 went | xcomp |
| 7 | again | again | ADV | _ | 6 hunting | advmod |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 followed | punct |
| 9 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 14 followed | cc |
| 10 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 11 day | det |
| 11 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 followed | nsubj |
| 12 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 Aictor | amod |
| 13 | Aictor | Aictor | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 day | appos |
| 14 | followed | follow | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 went | conj |
| 15 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 followed | obj |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 calling | punct |
| 17 | calling | call | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 14 followed | advcl |
| 18 | out | out | ADP | _ | 17 calling | compound:prt |
| 19 | Agbor | Agbor | PROPN | Number=Sing | 22 name | nmod:poss |
| 20 | Adam | Adam | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 Agbor | flat |
| 21 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 19 Agbor | case |
| 22 | name | name | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 calling | obj |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 saying | punct |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 saying | cc |
| 25 | saying | say | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 went | advcl |
| 26 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 broken | nsubj |
| 27 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 broken | aux |
| 28 | broken | break | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 25 saying | ccomp |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 law | det |
| 30 | law | law | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 broken | obj |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 went | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | go out | past | the men | then | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | hunt | gerund | the men not said here | again | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | follow | past | all day | men = man | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme | ||||
| 4 | call out speech: assert | gerund | all day not said here | Agbor's name | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent name=Recipient | ||||
| 5 | say speech: assert | gerund | the men not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 6 | break | past · perfect | AGBOR | the law | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer law=Patient | ||||
| 7 | name | Agbor | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/25/51/