Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxxi.--chief Kekong’s Daughter ’ndere Who Married a Python., part 2, sentence 63
When Iza Kakem had packed the fish into a load for carrying, her husband helped her to place the load on her head, and they started off with the woman in front, Agbor Adam following close behind.
Who acts: Iza, load, husband, head · What happens: pack, carry, help, start off, follow · To what, where: fish, load
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxxi.--chief Kekong’s Daughter ’ndere Who Married a Python., part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Iza, load, husband, head), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | SCONJ | _ | 5 packed | mark |
| 2 | Iza | Iza | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 packed | nsubj |
| 3 | Kakem | Kakem | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 Iza | flat |
| 4 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 packed | aux |
| 5 | packed | pack | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 fish | det |
| 7 | fish | fish | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 packed | obj |
| 8 | into | into | ADP | _ | 10 load | case |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 load | det |
| 10 | load | load | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 packed | obl |
| 11 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 12 carrying | mark |
| 12 | carrying | carry | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 10 load | acl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 helped | punct |
| 14 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 husband | nmod:poss |
| 15 | husband | husband | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 helped | nsubj |
| 16 | helped | help | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 packed | parataxis |
| 17 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 helped | obj |
| 18 | to | to | PART | _ | 19 place | mark |
| 19 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 helped | obj |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 load | det |
| 21 | load | load | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 place | obj |
| 22 | on | on | ADP | _ | 24 head | case |
| 23 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 24 head | nmod:poss |
| 24 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 load | nmod |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 started | punct |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 started | cc |
| 27 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 started | nsubj |
| 28 | started | start | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 helped | conj |
| 29 | off | off | ADP | _ | 28 started | compound:prt |
| 30 | with | with | ADP | _ | 32 woman | case |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 woman | det |
| 32 | woman | woman | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 started | obl |
| 33 | in | in | ADP | _ | 34 front | case |
| 34 | front | front | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 woman | nmod |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 Agbor | punct |
| 36 | Agbor | Agbor | PROPN | Number=Sing | 32 woman | appos |
| 37 | Adam | Adam | PROPN | Number=Sing | 36 Agbor | flat |
| 38 | following | follow | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 28 started | advcl |
| 39 | close | close | ADV | Degree=Pos | 40 behind | advmod |
| 40 | behind | behind | ADV | _ | 38 following | advmod |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 packed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | pack | past · perfect | Iza | the fish | a load | vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent fish=Theme into load=Destination | |||
| 2 | carry | gerund | a load not said here | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | help | past | fish's husband | fish | place the load obj | tree rules | |||
| 4 | start off | past | head | with the woman in front | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V PP.subeventuality»: agent=Eventuality with woman=Subeventuality | ||||
| 5 | follow | gerund | head not said here | behind property | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/25/63/