Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxxi.--chief Kekong’s Daughter ’ndere Who Married a Python., part 2, sentence 62
Although Agbor Adam could not understand what the bird said, he suspected something of the truth, so, having fitted an arrow to his bow, he aimed at the bird, thinking that if he could only kill him the trouble would be finished, but Aictor flew away.
Who acts: Agbor Adam, bird, Adam, Aictor · What happens: not understand, say, suspect, fit, aim, think · To what, where: something, arrow, bow, bird, trouble · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxxi.--chief Kekong’s Daughter ’ndere Who Married a Python., part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Agbor Adam, bird, Adam, Aictor), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Although | although | SCONJ | _ | 6 understand | mark |
| 2 | Agbor | Agbor | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 Adam | compound |
| 3 | Adam | Adam | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 understand | nsubj |
| 4 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 6 understand | aux |
| 5 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 6 understand | advmod |
| 6 | understand | understand | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 13 suspected | advcl |
| 7 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 10 said | obj |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 bird | det |
| 9 | bird | bird | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 said | nsubj |
| 10 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 understand | ccomp |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 understand | punct |
| 12 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 suspected | nsubj |
| 13 | suspected | suspect | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 14 | something | something | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 13 suspected | obj |
| 15 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 truth | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 truth | det |
| 17 | truth | truth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 something | nmod |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 fitted | punct |
| 19 | so | so | ADV | _ | 22 fitted | advmod |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 having | punct |
| 21 | having | have | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 22 fitted | aux |
| 22 | fitted | fit | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 13 suspected | conj |
| 23 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 24 arrow | det |
| 24 | arrow | arrow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 fitted | obj |
| 25 | to | to | ADP | _ | 27 bow | case |
| 26 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 27 bow | nmod:poss |
| 27 | bow | bow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 arrow | nmod |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 aimed | punct |
| 29 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 aimed | nsubj |
| 30 | aimed | aim | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 suspected | conj |
| 31 | at | at | ADP | _ | 33 bird | case |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 bird | det |
| 33 | bird | bird | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 aimed | obl |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 thinking | punct |
| 35 | thinking | think | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 30 aimed | advcl |
| 36 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 41 kill | mark |
| 37 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 41 kill | mark |
| 38 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 41 kill | nsubj |
| 39 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 41 kill | aux |
| 40 | only | only | ADV | _ | 41 kill | advmod |
| 41 | kill | kill | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 35 thinking | ccomp |
| 42 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 41 kill | obj |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 44 trouble | det |
| 44 | trouble | trouble | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 kill | obj |
| 45 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 47 finished | aux |
| 46 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 47 finished | aux:pass |
| 47 | finished | finish | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 44 trouble | acl |
| 48 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 51 flew | punct |
| 49 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 51 flew | cc |
| 50 | Aictor | Aictor | PROPN | Number=Sing | 51 flew | nsubj |
| 51 | flew | fly | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 suspected | conj |
| 52 | away | away | ADV | _ | 51 flew | advmod |
| 53 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 13 suspected | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not understand | could | Agbor Adam | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | the bird | what obj | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent what=Topic | ||||
| 3 | suspect | past | bird | something of the truth | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent something=Attribute | ||||
| 4 | fit | gerund · perfect | bird not said here | a arrow | to bird's bow goal | vn adjust-26.9 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent arrow=Patient to bow=Goal | |||
| 5 | aim | past | Adam | at the bird | vn wish-62 «NP V for NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot | ||||
| 6 | think speech: other | gerund | Adam not said here | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 7 | kill a condition, not said to happen | could | Adam | bird | the trouble obj | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Stimulus he=Experiencer trouble=Result | |||
| 8 | finish | would · passive | the trouble not said here | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V» | |||||
| 9 | fly away | past | Aictor | away property | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/25/62/