Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxxi.--chief Kekong’s Daughter ’ndere Who Married a Python., part 2, sentence 76
Both Agbor and his wife were now thoroughly frightened, and, jumping out of the water, snatched up their cloths, and ran naked along the path until they reached the shade of a large tree, where they stopped and tied their cloths on.
Who acts: jumping, cloths · What happens: frighten, jump out, snatch up, run, reach, stop · To what, where: Agbor, water, cloths, path, shade, large tree
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxxi.--chief Kekong’s Daughter ’ndere Who Married a Python., part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (jumping, cloths), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Both | both | CCONJ | _ | 2 Agbor | cc:preconj |
| 2 | Agbor | Agbor | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 frightened | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 wife | cc |
| 4 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 5 wife | nmod:poss |
| 5 | wife | wife | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 Agbor | conj |
| 6 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 frightened | aux:pass |
| 7 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 9 frightened | advmod |
| 8 | thoroughly | thoroughly | ADV | _ | 9 frightened | advmod |
| 9 | frightened | frighten | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 snatched | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 snatched | cc |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 jumping | punct |
| 13 | jumping | jump | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 19 snatched | csubj:pass |
| 14 | out | out | ADP | _ | 17 water | case |
| 15 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 water | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 water | det |
| 17 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 jumping | obl |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 snatched | punct |
| 19 | snatched | snatch | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 frightened | conj |
| 20 | up | up | ADP | _ | 19 snatched | compound:prt |
| 21 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 22 cloths | nmod:poss |
| 22 | cloths | cloth | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 snatched | obj |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 ran | punct |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 ran | cc |
| 25 | ran | run | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 frightened | conj |
| 26 | naked | naked | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 ran | xcomp |
| 27 | along | along | ADP | _ | 29 path | case |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 path | det |
| 29 | path | path | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 ran | obl |
| 30 | until | until | SCONJ | _ | 32 reached | mark |
| 31 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 reached | nsubj |
| 32 | reached | reach | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 25 ran | advcl |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 shade | det |
| 34 | shade | shade | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 reached | obj |
| 35 | of | of | ADP | _ | 38 tree | case |
| 36 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 38 tree | det |
| 37 | large | large | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 tree | amod |
| 38 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 shade | nmod |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 stopped | punct |
| 40 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 42 stopped | advmod |
| 41 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 42 stopped | nsubj |
| 42 | stopped | stop | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 38 tree | parataxis |
| 43 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 44 tied | cc |
| 44 | tied | tie | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 42 stopped | conj |
| 45 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 46 cloths | nmod:poss |
| 46 | cloths | cloth | NOUN | Number=Plur | 44 tied | obj |
| 47 | on | on | ADV | _ | 44 tied | advmod |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 frightened | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | frighten | past · passive | Agbor and AGBOR's wife | now | thoroughly property | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer | |||
| 2 | jump out | gerund | the water | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme water=Trajectory | |||||
| 3 | snatch up | participle | jumping | women's cloths | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cloth=Theme | ||||
| 4 | run | past | the path | naked property | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme along path=Trajectory | ||||
| 5 | reach | past | cloths = cloth | the shade of a large tree | vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent shade=Theme | ||||
| 6 | stop | past | cloths = cloth | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | |||||
| 7 | tie | past | cloths = cloth not said here | cloths's cloths | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cloth=Patient | ||||
| 8 | shade | a large tree | nom shade «state transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/25/76/