Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxxi.--chief Kekong’s Daughter ’ndere Who Married a Python., part 2, sentence 77
Then the woman began to abuse her husband, saying, “You have been the cause of all this running and trouble,” but Agbor told her that when he eat the fish and broke the hunting law he never thought he would be found out.
Who acts: woman, You, Agbor · What happens: begin, abuse, say, be, tell, eat · To what, where: husband, cause, wife, fish, hunting law, AGBOR · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxxi.--chief Kekong’s Daughter ’ndere Who Married a Python., part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (woman, You, Agbor), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 4 began | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 woman | det |
| 3 | woman | woman | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 began | nsubj |
| 4 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | to | to | PART | _ | 6 abuse | mark |
| 6 | abuse | abuse | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 began | xcomp |
| 7 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 8 husband | nmod:poss |
| 8 | husband | husband | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 abuse | obj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 saying | punct |
| 10 | saying | say | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 began | advcl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 cause | punct |
| 12 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 17 cause | punct |
| 13 | You | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 17 cause | nsubj |
| 14 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 cause | aux |
| 15 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 17 cause | cop |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 cause | det |
| 17 | cause | cause | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 saying | ccomp |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 running | case |
| 19 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 21 running | det:predet |
| 20 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 21 running | det |
| 21 | running | running | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 cause | nmod |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 trouble | cc |
| 23 | trouble | trouble | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 running | conj |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 began | punct |
| 25 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 began | punct |
| 26 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 28 told | cc |
| 27 | Agbor | Agbor | PROPN | Number=Sing | 28 told | nsubj |
| 28 | told | tell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 began | conj |
| 29 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 told | iobj |
| 30 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 33 eat | mark |
| 31 | when | when | SCONJ | _ | 33 eat | mark |
| 32 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 33 eat | nsubj |
| 33 | eat | eat | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 28 told | ccomp |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 fish | det |
| 35 | fish | fish | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 eat | obj |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 broke | cc |
| 37 | broke | break | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 33 eat | conj |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 law | det |
| 39 | hunting | hunting | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 law | compound |
| 40 | law | law | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 broke | obj |
| 41 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 43 thought | nsubj |
| 42 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 43 thought | advmod |
| 43 | thought | think | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 40 law | acl:relcl |
| 44 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 47 found | nsubj |
| 45 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 47 found | aux |
| 46 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 47 found | aux:pass |
| 47 | found | find | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 43 thought | ccomp |
| 48 | out | out | ADP | _ | 47 found | compound:prt |
| 49 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 began | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | begin | past | the woman | then | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | ||||
| 2 | abuse | to-infinitive | the woman not said here | wife's husband | vn judgment-33.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent husband=Theme | ||||
| 3 | say speech: assert | gerund | the woman not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | is a in a quote | present · perfect | You | the cause | of all running and trouble | tree rules | |||
| 5 | tell speech: assert | past | Agbor | wife | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP what S»: agent=Agent she=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 6 | eat | present | AGBOR | the fish | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fish=Patient | ||||
| 7 | break | past | AGBOR not said here | the hunting law | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer law=Patient | ||||
| 8 | not think speech: other | past | AGBOR | the hunting law not said here | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent law=Attribute clause=Theme | ||||
| 9 | find out | would · passive | AGBOR | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/25/77/