Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxxi.--chief Kekong’s Daughter ’ndere Who Married a Python., part 3, sentence 5
Directly Aictor, who was sitting near the chief on a palm-tree, saw Agbor, he began to call his name, and said he had broken the hunting law.
Who acts: Aictor, chief · What happens: sit, see, begin, call, say, break · To what, where: chief, Agbor, name, hunting law · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxxi.--chief Kekong’s Daughter ’ndere Who Married a Python., part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Aictor, chief), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Directly | directly | ADV | _ | 2 Aictor | advmod |
| 2 | Aictor | Aictor | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 saw | nsubj |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 sitting | punct |
| 4 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 6 sitting | nsubj |
| 5 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 sitting | aux |
| 6 | sitting | sit | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 2 Aictor | acl |
| 7 | near | near | ADP | _ | 9 chief | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 chief | det |
| 9 | chief | chief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 sitting | obl |
| 10 | on | on | ADP | _ | 14 tree | case |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 tree | det |
| 12 | palm | palm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 tree | compound |
| 13 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 12 palm | punct |
| 14 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 sitting | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 Aictor | punct |
| 16 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 17 | Agbor | Agbor | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 saw | obj |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 began | punct |
| 19 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 began | nsubj |
| 20 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 saw | conj |
| 21 | to | to | PART | _ | 22 call | mark |
| 22 | call | call | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 20 began | xcomp |
| 23 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 24 name | nmod:poss |
| 24 | name | name | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 call | obj |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 said | punct |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 said | cc |
| 27 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 saw | conj |
| 28 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 broken | nsubj |
| 29 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 30 broken | aux |
| 30 | broken | break | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 27 said | ccomp |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 law | det |
| 32 | hunting | hunting | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 law | compound |
| 33 | law | law | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 broken | obj |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 16 saw | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | sit | past · progressive | Aictor | the chief | on a palm tree | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent near chief=Location | |||
| 2 | see | past | Aictor | Agbor | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer agbor=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | begin | past | chief | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 4 | call | to-infinitive | chief not said here | chief's name | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent name=Recipient | ||||
| 5 | say speech: assert | past | Aictor not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 6 | break | past · perfect | chief | the hunting law | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer law=Patient | ||||
| 7 | name | chief | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/26/5/