Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, E. Dayrell., sentence 23
If so, let the fire you are holding go out,” and the fire went out at once.
Who acts: you, fire · What happens: let, hold, go out · To what, where: fire
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, E. Dayrell.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, fire), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | If | if | SCONJ | _ | 2 so | mark |
| 2 | so | so | ADV | _ | 4 let | advcl |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 so | punct |
| 4 | let | let | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 fire | det |
| 6 | fire | fire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 let | obj |
| 7 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 9 holding | nsubj |
| 8 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 holding | aux |
| 9 | holding | hold | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 6 fire | acl:relcl |
| 10 | go | go | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 holding | xcomp |
| 11 | out | out | ADV | _ | 10 go | advmod |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 holding | punct |
| 13 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 let | punct |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 went | cc |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 fire | det |
| 16 | fire | fire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 went | nsubj |
| 17 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 let | conj |
| 18 | out | out | ADV | _ | 17 went | advmod |
| 19 | at | at | ADP | _ | 20 once | case |
| 20 | once | once | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 17 went | obl |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 let | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | let | imperative | you not said here | the fire | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fire=Theme | ||||
| 2 | hold | present · progressive | you | the fire not said here | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | go out | infinitive | you not said here | out property | vn interact-36.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | go out in a quote | past | the fire | out property | vn interact-36.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/3/23/