Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, E. Dayrell., sentence 9
At last she conceived, and when she was about eight months gone with child she happened one day to go into the forest to gather firewood to cook her morning food.
Who acts: Awu · What happens: conceive, be, happen, go, gather, cook · To what, where: forest, firewood, morning food
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, E. Dayrell.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Awu), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | At | at | ADP | _ | 2 last | case |
| 2 | last | last | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 3 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 conceived | nsubj |
| 4 | conceived | conceive | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 last | acl:relcl |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 happened | punct |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 happened | cc |
| 7 | when | when | SCONJ | _ | 13 gone | mark |
| 8 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 gone | nsubj |
| 9 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 gone | cop |
| 10 | about | about | ADV | _ | 11 eight | advmod |
| 11 | eight | eight | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 12 months | nummod |
| 12 | months | month | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 gone | nsubj |
| 13 | gone | go | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 17 happened | advcl |
| 14 | with | with | ADP | _ | 15 child | case |
| 15 | child | child | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 gone | obl |
| 16 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 happened | nsubj |
| 17 | happened | happen | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 last | conj |
| 18 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 19 day | nummod |
| 19 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 happened | obl:unmarked |
| 20 | to | to | PART | _ | 21 go | mark |
| 21 | go | go | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 17 happened | advcl |
| 22 | into | into | ADP | _ | 24 forest | case |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 forest | det |
| 24 | forest | forest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 go | obl |
| 25 | to | to | PART | _ | 26 gather | mark |
| 26 | gather | gather | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 21 go | advcl |
| 27 | firewood | firewood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 gather | obj |
| 28 | to | to | PART | _ | 29 cook | mark |
| 29 | cook | cook | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 26 gather | xcomp |
| 30 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 32 food | nmod:poss |
| 31 | morning | morning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 food | compound |
| 32 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 cook | obj |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 last | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | conceive | past | Awu | vn characterize-29.2-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | is | past | Awu | with child; go property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | happen | past | Awu | day | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 4 | go | to-infinitive | Awu not said here | the forest | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme into forest=Initial_Location | ||||
| 5 | gather | to-infinitive | Awu not said here | firewood | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | cook | to-infinitive | Awu not said here | Awu's morning food | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent food=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/3/9/