Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell., sentence 1
The hare (_asima bieso_, native name) was known to everyone as a very cunning animal.
What happens: know · To what, where: hare
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 hare | det |
| 2 | hare | hare | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 known | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 5 asima | punct |
| 4 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 5 asima | punct |
| 5 | asima | asima | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 hare | appos |
| 6 | bieso | bieso | ADV | _ | 5 asima | advmod |
| 7 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 5 asima | punct |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 name | punct |
| 9 | native | native | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 name | amod |
| 10 | name | name | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 asima | conj |
| 11 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 5 asima | punct |
| 12 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 known | aux:pass |
| 13 | known | know | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 14 | to | to | ADP | _ | 15 everyone | case |
| 15 | everyone | everyone | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Tot | 13 known | obl |
| 16 | as | as | ADP | _ | 20 animal | case |
| 17 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 20 animal | det |
| 18 | very | very | ADV | _ | 19 cunning | advmod |
| 19 | cunning | cunning | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 animal | amod |
| 20 | animal | animal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 known | obl |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 13 known | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | know | past · passive | the hare | to everyone; as a cunning animal | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Stimulus as animal=Attribute |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/4/1/