Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell., sentence 105

The next day the small boy from the town, who was hungry (yams being scarce at that time), waited until the mushroom boy had gone out, and then went softly in and stole all the food, filling the calabash with water, which he replaced where he had found the food.

Who acts: town, yams, small boy, mushroom boy, boy · What happens: be, wait, go out, go, steal, fill · To what, where: food, calabash

This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (town, yams, small boy, mushroom boy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 day	det
2	next	next	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 day	amod
3	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 waited	obl:unmarked
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 boy	det
5	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 boy	amod
6	boy	boy	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 waited	nsubj
7	from	from	ADP	_	9 town	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 town	det
9	town	town	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 boy	nmod
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 hungry	punct
11	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	13 hungry	nsubj
12	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	13 hungry	cop
13	hungry	hungry	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 town	acl:relcl
14	(	(	PUNCT	_	17 scarce	punct
15	yams	yam	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 scarce	nsubj
16	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	17 scarce	cop
17	scarce	scarce	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 hungry	conj
18	at	at	ADP	_	20 time	case
19	that	that	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	20 time	det
20	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 scarce	obl
21	)	)	PUNCT	_	17 scarce	punct
22	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 boy	punct
23	waited	wait	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
24	until	until	SCONJ	_	29 gone	mark
25	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	27 boy	det
26	mushroom	mushroom	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 boy	compound
27	boy	boy	NOUN	Number=Sing	29 gone	nsubj
28	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	29 gone	aux
29	gone	go	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	23 waited	conj
30	out	out	ADP	_	29 gone	compound:prt
31	,	,	PUNCT	_	34 went	punct
32	and	and	CCONJ	_	34 went	cc
33	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	34 went	advmod
34	went	go	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	23 waited	conj
35	softly	softly	ADV	_	34 went	advmod
36	in	in	ADV	_	34 went	advmod
37	and	and	CCONJ	_	38 stole	cc
38	stole	steal	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	34 went	conj
39	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	41 food	det:predet
40	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	41 food	det
41	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	38 stole	obj
42	,	,	PUNCT	_	43 filling	punct
43	filling	fill	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	38 stole	advcl
44	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	45 calabash	det
45	calabash	calabash	NOUN	Number=Sing	43 filling	obj
46	with	with	ADP	_	47 water	case
47	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	45 calabash	nmod
48	,	,	PUNCT	_	51 replaced	punct
49	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	51 replaced	obj
50	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	51 replaced	nsubj
51	replaced	replace	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	45 calabash	acl:relcl
52	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	55 found	advmod
53	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	55 found	nsubj
54	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	55 found	aux
55	found	find	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	51 replaced	advcl
56	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	57 food	det
57	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	55 found	obj
58	.	.	PUNCT	_	23 waited	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	the town			hungry property	tree rules
2	is	gerund	yams		time	scarce property	tree rules
3	wait	past	the small boy from the town		day		vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	go out	past · perfect	the mushroom boy				vn interact-36.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent
5	go	past	the small boy from the town not said here		then	softly property	vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
6	steal	past	the small boy from the town not said here	all food			vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location food=Theme
7	fill	gerund	the small boy from the town not said here	the calabash		with water	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent calabash=Patient with water=Instrument
8	replace	past	boy	the calabash			vn substitute-13.6.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme which=Co-Theme
9	find	past · perfect	boy	the food			vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Topic

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/4/105/

🌲 Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell., sentence 105

The tree

Pragmatics

Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell., sentence 105