Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell., sentence 106
This happened for three days in succession, until the mushroom boy became so hungry that he determined to go back to the forest where he came from, and turn himself back into a mushroom again.
Who acts: This, mushroom boy, boy · What happens: happen, become, determine, go back, come, turn back · To what, where: succession, boy, mushroom
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (This, mushroom boy, boy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | This | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 2 happened | nsubj |
| 2 | happened | happen | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | for | for | ADP | _ | 5 days | case |
| 4 | three | three | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 5 days | nummod |
| 5 | days | day | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 happened | obl |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 succession | case |
| 7 | succession | succession | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 happened | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 became | punct |
| 9 | until | until | SCONJ | _ | 13 became | mark |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 boy | det |
| 11 | mushroom | mushroom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 boy | compound |
| 12 | boy | boy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 became | nsubj |
| 13 | became | become | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 happened | parataxis |
| 14 | so | so | ADV | _ | 15 hungry | advmod |
| 15 | hungry | hungry | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 became | xcomp |
| 16 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 18 determined | mark |
| 17 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 determined | nsubj |
| 18 | determined | determine | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 hungry | advcl |
| 19 | to | to | PART | _ | 20 go | mark |
| 20 | go | go | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 18 determined | xcomp |
| 21 | back | back | ADV | _ | 20 go | advmod |
| 22 | to | to | ADP | _ | 24 forest | case |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 forest | det |
| 24 | forest | forest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 go | obl |
| 25 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 27 came | advmod |
| 26 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 27 came | nsubj |
| 27 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 forest | acl:relcl |
| 28 | from | from | ADP | _ | 27 came | obl |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 turn | punct |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 turn | cc |
| 31 | turn | turn | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 13 became | conj |
| 32 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 31 turn | obj |
| 33 | back | back | ADV | _ | 31 turn | advmod |
| 34 | into | into | ADP | _ | 36 mushroom | case |
| 35 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 36 mushroom | det |
| 36 | mushroom | mushroom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 turn | obl |
| 37 | again | again | ADV | _ | 31 turn | advmod |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 happened | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | happen | past | This | succession | day | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in succession=Location | |||
| 2 | become | past | the mushroom boy | hungry property | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 3 | determine | past | boy | vn discover-84 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 4 | go back | to-infinitive | boy not said here | to the forest result | vn convert-26.6.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Patient to forest=Result | ||||
| 5 | come | past | boy | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 6 | turn back | infinitive | the mushroom boy not said here | boy | a mushroom | again | vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent himself=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/4/106/