Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell., sentence 107
He was angry with Inkang and Igiri because he thought they were fooling him, and, of course, he knew nothing about the thief boy who had stolen his food each day.
Who acts: boy, IGIRI, thief boy · What happens: be, think, fool, know, steal · To what, where: boy, nothing, food · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (boy, IGIRI, thief boy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 angry | nsubj |
| 2 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 angry | cop |
| 3 | angry | angry | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 4 | with | with | ADP | _ | 5 Inkang | case |
| 5 | Inkang | Inkang | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 angry | obl |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 Igiri | cc |
| 7 | Igiri | Igiri | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 Inkang | conj |
| 8 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 10 thought | mark |
| 9 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 thought | nsubj |
| 10 | thought | think | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 angry | advcl |
| 11 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 fooling | nsubj |
| 12 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 fooling | aux |
| 13 | fooling | fool | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 10 thought | ccomp |
| 14 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 fooling | obj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 knew | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 knew | cc |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 knew | punct |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | ExtPos=ADV | 22 knew | advmod |
| 19 | course | course | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 of | fixed |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 of | punct |
| 21 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 knew | nsubj |
| 22 | knew | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 angry | parataxis |
| 23 | nothing | nothing | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Neg | 22 knew | obj |
| 24 | about | about | ADP | _ | 27 boy | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 boy | det |
| 26 | thief | thief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 boy | compound |
| 27 | boy | boy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 nothing | nmod |
| 28 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 30 stolen | nsubj |
| 29 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 30 stolen | aux |
| 30 | stolen | steal | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 27 boy | acl:relcl |
| 31 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 32 food | nmod:poss |
| 32 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 stolen | obj |
| 33 | each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 34 day | det |
| 34 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 stolen | obl:unmarked |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 angry | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | boy | with Inkang and Igiri; angry property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | think speech: other | past | boy | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 3 | fool | past · progressive | IGIRI | boy | vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Patient | ||||
| 4 | know | past | boy | nothing | about the thief boy | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer nothing=Stimulus | |||
| 5 | steal | past · perfect | the thief boy | boy's food | day | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location food=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/4/107/