Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell., sentence 19
He always seems tired, and after he has taken a few steps he lies down, and sleeps for a time.
Who acts: Keroho · What happens: seem, take, lie down, sleep · To what, where: few steps
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Keroho), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 seems | nsubj |
| 2 | always | always | ADV | PronType=Tot | 3 seems | advmod |
| 3 | seems | seem | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | tired | tired | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 seems | xcomp |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 taken | punct |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 taken | cc |
| 7 | after | after | SCONJ | _ | 10 taken | mark |
| 8 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 taken | nsubj |
| 9 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 taken | aux |
| 10 | taken | take | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 3 seems | conj |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 steps | det |
| 12 | few | few | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 steps | amod |
| 13 | steps | step | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 taken | obj |
| 14 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 lies | nsubj |
| 15 | lies | lie | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 steps | acl:relcl |
| 16 | down | down | ADP | _ | 15 lies | compound:prt |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 sleeps | punct |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 sleeps | cc |
| 19 | sleeps | sleep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 seems | conj |
| 20 | for | for | ADP | _ | 22 time | case |
| 21 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 time | det |
| 22 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 sleeps | obl |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 seems | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | seem | present | Keroho | always, tired property | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | take | present · perfect | Keroho | a few steps | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent step=Theme | ||||
| 3 | lie down | present | Keroho | a few steps not said here | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | sleep | present | Keroho not said here | time | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/4/19/