Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell., sentence 20
The hare had suggested to the king that Keroho should be told to dry and guard the meat, and said to the king that, as Keroho only eat fruit, he would not be likely to steal any of the meat.
Who acts: king, Keroho · What happens: suggest, tell, dry, guard, say, eat · To what, where: hare, king, meat, fruit, any · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (king, Keroho), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 hare | det |
| 2 | hare | hare | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 suggested | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 suggested | aux |
| 4 | suggested | suggest | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | to | to | ADP | _ | 7 king | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 king | det |
| 7 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 suggested | obl |
| 8 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 12 told | nsubj:pass |
| 9 | Keroho | Keroho | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 told | nsubj |
| 10 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 12 told | aux |
| 11 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 12 told | aux:pass |
| 12 | told | tell | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 king | acl:relcl |
| 13 | to | to | PART | _ | 14 dry | mark |
| 14 | dry | dry | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 12 told | xcomp |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 guard | cc |
| 16 | guard | guard | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 14 dry | conj |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 meat | det |
| 18 | meat | meat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 guard | obj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 said | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 said | cc |
| 21 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 suggested | conj |
| 22 | to | to | ADP | _ | 24 king | case |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 king | det |
| 24 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 said | obl |
| 25 | that | that | ADV | _ | 21 said | advmod |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 eat | punct |
| 27 | as | as | ADP | _ | 28 Keroho | case |
| 28 | Keroho | Keroho | PROPN | Number=Sing | 30 eat | obl |
| 29 | only | only | ADV | _ | 30 eat | advmod |
| 30 | eat | eat | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 suggested | parataxis |
| 31 | fruit | fruit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 eat | obj |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 likely | punct |
| 33 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 37 likely | nsubj |
| 34 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 37 likely | aux |
| 35 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 37 likely | advmod |
| 36 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 37 likely | cop |
| 37 | likely | likely | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 eat | advcl |
| 38 | to | to | PART | _ | 39 steal | mark |
| 39 | steal | steal | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 37 likely | xcomp |
| 40 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 39 steal | obj |
| 41 | of | of | ADP | _ | 43 meat | case |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 43 meat | det |
| 43 | meat | meat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 any | nmod |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 suggested | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | suggest speech: suggest | past · perfect · passive | the hare | the king | vn say-37.7-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: subject=Topic to king=Recipient | ||||
| 2 | tell speech: assert | should · passive | the king | Keroho nsubj | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 3 | dry not said to happen | to-infinitive | the king not said here | vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 4 | guard | infinitive | the king not said here | the meat | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent meat=Beneficiary | ||||
| 5 | say speech: assert | past | the king | that property | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to king=Recipient | ||||
| 6 | eat | present | fruit | as Keroho | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fruit=Patient | ||||
| 7 | not is | would | Keroho | likely property | tree rules | ||||
| 8 | steal | to-infinitive | Keroho not said here | any of the meat | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location any=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/4/20/