Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell., sentence 26
Keroho, hearing the drum, got up and went to the fire in his back yard, where he had left the meat drying, and, to his intense astonishment, found that it had vanished.
Who acts: Keroho, intense astonishment · What happens: hear, get up, go, leave, find, vanish · To what, where: drum, fire, meat drying, astonishment
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Keroho, intense astonishment), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Keroho | Keroho | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 got | nsubj |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Keroho | punct |
| 3 | hearing | hear | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 1 Keroho | acl |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 drum | det |
| 5 | drum | drum | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 hearing | obj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Keroho | punct |
| 7 | got | get | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | up | up | ADV | _ | 7 got | advmod |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 went | cc |
| 10 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 got | conj |
| 11 | to | to | ADP | _ | 13 fire | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 fire | det |
| 13 | fire | fire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 went | obl |
| 14 | in | in | ADP | _ | 17 yard | case |
| 15 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 17 yard | nmod:poss |
| 16 | back | back | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 yard | compound |
| 17 | yard | yard | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 went | obl |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 left | punct |
| 19 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 22 left | advmod |
| 20 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 left | nsubj |
| 21 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 left | aux |
| 22 | left | leave | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 17 yard | acl:relcl |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 drying | det |
| 24 | meat | meat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 drying | compound |
| 25 | drying | drying | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 left | obj |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 found | punct |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 found | cc |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 astonishment | punct |
| 29 | to | to | ADP | _ | 32 astonishment | case |
| 30 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 32 astonishment | nmod:poss |
| 31 | intense | intense | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 astonishment | amod |
| 32 | astonishment | astonishment | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 found | nsubj |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 astonishment | punct |
| 34 | found | find | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 got | conj |
| 35 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 38 vanished | mark |
| 36 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 38 vanished | nsubj:pass |
| 37 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 38 vanished | aux |
| 38 | vanished | vanish | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 34 found | advcl |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 got | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hear | gerund | Keroho not said here | the drum | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer drum=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | get up | past | Keroho | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 3 | go | past | Keroho not said here | the fire | in Keroho's back yard | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to fire=Initial_Location | |||
| 4 | leave | past · perfect | Keroho | the meat drying | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent drying=Theme | ||||
| 5 | find | past | Keroho's intense astonishment | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | vanish | past · perfect · passive | astonishment | tree rules | |||||
| 7 | astonish | Keroho | nom astonishment «feeling transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/4/26/