Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell., sentence 31
The hare, in order to make himself acquainted with the bush cow’s house, waited until sundown, and then went to the bush cow’s house with a large calabash of strong tombo.
Who acts: hare · What happens: make, acquaint, wait, go · To what, where: hare, house
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hare), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 hare | det |
| 2 | hare | hare | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 waited | nsubj |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 make | punct |
| 4 | in | in | SCONJ | ExtPos=SCONJ | 7 make | mark |
| 5 | order | order | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 in | fixed |
| 6 | to | to | PART | _ | 7 make | mark |
| 7 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 hare | acl:relcl |
| 8 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 7 make | obj |
| 9 | acquainted | acquaint | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 make | xcomp |
| 10 | with | with | ADP | _ | 15 house | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 cow | det |
| 12 | bush | bush | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 cow | compound |
| 13 | cow | cow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 house | nmod:poss |
| 14 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 13 cow | case |
| 15 | house | house | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 acquainted | obl |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 waited | punct |
| 17 | waited | wait | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 18 | until | until | ADP | _ | 19 sundown | case |
| 19 | sundown | sundown | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 waited | obl |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 went | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 went | cc |
| 22 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 23 went | advmod |
| 23 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 waited | conj |
| 24 | to | to | ADP | _ | 29 house | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 cow | det |
| 26 | bush | bush | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 cow | compound |
| 27 | cow | cow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 house | nmod:poss |
| 28 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 27 cow | case |
| 29 | house | house | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 went | obl |
| 30 | with | with | ADP | _ | 33 calabash | case |
| 31 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 33 calabash | det |
| 32 | large | large | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 calabash | amod |
| 33 | calabash | calabash | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 went | obl |
| 34 | of | of | ADP | _ | 36 tombo | case |
| 35 | strong | strong | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 tombo | amod |
| 36 | tombo | tombo | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 calabash | nmod |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 17 waited | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | to-infinitive | the hare not said here | hare | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | acquaint speech: other | participle | hare not said here | with the bush cow's house | vn tell-37.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | wait | past | the hare | until sundown | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 4 | go | past | the hare not said here | the bush cow's house | then | with a large calabash of strong tombo | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to house=Initial_Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/4/31/