Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell., sentence 52
This made the hare angry, so he whispered to the rubber, “Look here, if you don’t let my right hand go at once I will hit you very hard with my left hand, and then you will be sorry.”
Who acts: This, hare, rubber, right hand · What happens: make, whisper, look, not let, go, hit · To what, where: hare, rubber, right hand · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (This, hare, rubber, right hand), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | This | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 2 made | nsubj |
| 2 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 hare | det |
| 4 | hare | hare | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 made | obj |
| 5 | angry | angry | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 made | xcomp |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 whispered | punct |
| 7 | so | so | ADV | _ | 9 whispered | advmod |
| 8 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 whispered | nsubj |
| 9 | whispered | whisper | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 made | parataxis |
| 10 | to | to | ADP | _ | 12 rubber | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 rubber | det |
| 12 | rubber | rubber | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 whispered | obl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 Look | punct |
| 14 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 15 Look | punct |
| 15 | Look | look | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 9 whispered | parataxis |
| 16 | here | here | ADV | PronType=Dem | 15 Look | advmod |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 let | punct |
| 18 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 22 let | mark |
| 19 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 22 let | nsubj |
| 20 | do | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 let | aux |
| 21 | n’t | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 22 let | advmod |
| 22 | let | let | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 15 Look | conj |
| 23 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 25 hand | nmod:poss |
| 24 | right | right | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 hand | amod |
| 25 | hand | hand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 let | obj |
| 26 | go | go | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 22 let | xcomp |
| 27 | at | at | SCONJ | _ | 31 hit | mark |
| 28 | once | once | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 31 hit | advmod |
| 29 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 31 hit | nsubj |
| 30 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 31 hit | aux |
| 31 | hit | hit | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 26 go | advcl |
| 32 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 31 hit | obj |
| 33 | very | very | ADV | _ | 34 hard | advmod |
| 34 | hard | hard | ADV | Degree=Pos | 31 hit | advmod |
| 35 | with | with | ADP | _ | 38 hand | case |
| 36 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 38 hand | nmod:poss |
| 37 | left | left | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 hand | amod |
| 38 | hand | hand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 hit | obl |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 45 sorry | punct |
| 40 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 45 sorry | cc |
| 41 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 45 sorry | advmod |
| 42 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 45 sorry | nsubj |
| 43 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 45 sorry | aux |
| 44 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 45 sorry | cop |
| 45 | sorry | sorry | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 made | parataxis |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 45 sorry | punct |
| 47 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 made | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | past | This | the hare | angry property | tree rules | |||
| 2 | whisper speech: assert | past | hare | the rubber | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.recipient that S»: agent=Agent to rubber=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 3 | look in a quote | infinitive | here | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | |||||
| 4 | not let a condition, not said to happen, in a quote | present · do-support | the rubber = rubber | my right hand | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | go in a quote | infinitive | my right hand not said here | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 6 | hit in a quote | future | hare | the rubber = rubber | with my left hand; hard, once property | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent you=Patient with hand=Instrument | |||
| 7 | is in a quote | future | the rubber = rubber | then | sorry property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/4/52/