Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell., sentence 53
He got no reply, but thought he heard a laugh somewhere.
Who acts: rubber · What happens: get, think, hear · To what, where: reply, laugh · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (rubber), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 got | nsubj |
| 2 | got | get | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 4 reply | det |
| 4 | reply | reply | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 got | obj |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 thought | punct |
| 6 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 7 thought | cc |
| 7 | thought | think | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 got | conj |
| 8 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 heard | nsubj |
| 9 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 thought | ccomp |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 laugh | det |
| 11 | laugh | laugh | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 heard | obj |
| 12 | somewhere | somewhere | ADV | PronType=Ind | 9 heard | advmod |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 got | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | get | past | rubber | no reply | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer reply=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | think speech: other | past | rubber not said here | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 3 | hear | past | rubber | a laugh | somewhere property | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer laugh=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/4/53/