Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell., sentence 72
Having picked up all the pieces of her husband’s shell, and having placed them in the basket, she lifted the tortoise and carried them all home.
Who acts: shell · What happens: pick up, place, lift, carry · To what, where: people, basket, tortoise
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (shell), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Having | have | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 15 placed | aux |
| 2 | picked | pick | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 1 Having | xcomp |
| 3 | up | up | ADP | _ | 2 picked | compound:prt |
| 4 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 6 pieces | det:predet |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 pieces | det |
| 6 | pieces | piece | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Having | obj |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 shell | case |
| 8 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 husband | nmod:poss |
| 9 | husband | husband | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 shell | nmod:poss |
| 10 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 9 husband | case |
| 11 | shell | shell | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 pieces | nmod |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 placed | punct |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 placed | cc |
| 14 | having | have | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 15 placed | aux |
| 15 | placed | place | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 16 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 placed | obj |
| 17 | in | in | ADP | _ | 19 basket | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 basket | det |
| 19 | basket | basket | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 placed | obl |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 lifted | punct |
| 21 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 lifted | nsubj |
| 22 | lifted | lift | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 placed | advcl |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 tortoise | det |
| 24 | tortoise | tortoise | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 lifted | obj |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 carried | cc |
| 26 | carried | carry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 lifted | conj |
| 27 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 carried | obj |
| 28 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 27 them | nmod:unmarked |
| 29 | home | home | ADV | _ | 26 carried | advmod |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 15 placed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | pick up | participle | vn discover-84-1 «NP V PP.topic S_ING»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 2 | place | gerund · perfect | people | the basket | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent they=Theme in basket=Destination | ||||
| 3 | lift | past | shell | the tortoise | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tortoise=Theme | ||||
| 4 | carry | past | shell not said here | people | home property | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/4/72/