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Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell., sentence 73

When she got inside she put all the little pieces of the shell together and placed them on her husband’s back, where they grew quite strongly, but the marks showed where the pieces were joined together, and that is why you always find that the shell of a tortoise is covered in patches, and not smooth as it was formerly.--[E.D., 26.5.10.]

Who acts: shell, people, marks, that, you, basket · What happens: get, put, place, grow, show, join · To what, where: little pieces, people, pieces, shell · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (shell, people, marks, that), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

advmodnsubjadvcladvmodnsubjdet:predetdetamodobjcasedetnmodadvmodccconjobjcasenmod:possobladvcladvmodpunctadvmodnsubjparataxisadvmodadvmodpunctccdetnsubjconjadvmoddetnsubj:passaux:passccompadvmodpunctccnsubjcopconjnsubjadvmodadvcl:relclmarkdetnsubj:passcasedetnmodaux:passccompcaseoblpunctccadvmodconjmarknsubjcopadvclpunctpunctpunctoblpunctpunctappospunctpunctrootWhenADVshePRONgotVERBinsideADVshePRONputVERBallDETtheDETlittleADJpiecesNOUNofADPtheDETshellNOUNtogetherADVandCCONJplacedVERBthemPRONonADPherPRONhusbandNOUN’sAUXbackADV,PUNCTwhereADVtheyPRONgrewVERBquiteADVstronglyADV,PUNCTbutCCONJtheDETmarksNOUNshowedVERBwhereADVtheDETpiecesNOUNwereAUXjoinedVERBtogetherADV,PUNCTandCCONJthatPRONisAUXwhyADVyouPRONalwaysADVfindVERBthatSCONJtheDETshellNOUNofADPaDETtortoiseNOUNisAUXcoveredVERBinADPpatchesNOUN,PUNCTandCCONJnotPARTsmoothADJasSCONJitPRONwasAUXformerlyADV.PUNCT--PUNCT[PUNCTE.DPROPN.PUNCT,PUNCT26.5.10NUM.PUNCT]PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1WhenwhenADVPronType=Int3 gotadvmod
2sheshePRONCase=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs3 gotnsubj
3gotgetVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin6 putadvcl
4insideinsideADV_3 gotadvmod
5sheshePRONCase=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs6 putnsubj
6putputVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Finrootroot
7allallDETPronType=Tot10 piecesdet:predet
8thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art10 piecesdet
9littlelittleADJDegree=Pos10 piecesamod
10piecespieceNOUNNumber=Plur6 putobj
11ofofADP_13 shellcase
12thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art13 shelldet
13shellshellNOUNNumber=Sing10 piecesnmod
14togethertogetherADV_6 putadvmod
15andandCCONJ_16 placedcc
16placedplaceVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin6 putconj
17themtheyPRONCase=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs16 placedobj
18ononADP_20 husbandcase
19herherPRONCase=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs20 husbandnmod:poss
20husbandhusbandNOUNNumber=Sing21 ’sobl
21’sbeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin16 placedadvcl
22backbackADV_21 ’sadvmod
23,,PUNCT_26 grewpunct
24wherewhereADVPronType=Rel26 grewadvmod
25theytheyPRONCase=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs26 grewnsubj
26grewgrowVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin21 ’sparataxis
27quitequiteADV_28 stronglyadvmod
28stronglystronglyADV_26 grewadvmod
29,,PUNCT_33 showedpunct
30butbutCCONJ_33 showedcc
31thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art32 marksdet
32marksmarkNOUNNumber=Plur33 showednsubj
33showedshowVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin26 grewconj
34wherewhereADVPronType=Rel38 joinedadvmod
35thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art36 piecesdet
36piecespieceNOUNNumber=Plur38 joinednsubj:pass
37werebeAUXMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin38 joinedaux:pass
38joinedjoinVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass33 showedccomp
39togethertogetherADV_38 joinedadvmod
40,,PUNCT_44 whypunct
41andandCCONJ_44 whycc
42thatthatPRONNumber=Sing PronType=Dem44 whynsubj
43isbeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin44 whycop
44whywhyADVPronType=Int38 joinedconj
45youyouPRONCase=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs47 findnsubj
46alwaysalwaysADVPronType=Tot47 findadvmod
47findfindVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin44 whyadvcl:relcl
48thatthatSCONJ_55 coveredmark
49thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art50 shelldet
50shellshellNOUNNumber=Sing55 coverednsubj:pass
51ofofADP_53 tortoisecase
52aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art53 tortoisedet
53tortoisetortoiseNOUNNumber=Sing50 shellnmod
54isbeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin55 coveredaux:pass
55coveredcoverVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass47 findccomp
56ininADP_57 patchescase
57patchespatchNOUNNumber=Plur55 coveredobl
58,,PUNCT_61 smoothpunct
59andandCCONJ_61 smoothcc
60notnotPARTPolarity=Neg61 smoothadvmod
61smoothsmoothADJDegree=Pos33 showedconj
62asasSCONJ_65 formerlymark
63ititPRONCase=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs65 formerlynsubj
64wasbeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin65 formerlycop
65formerlyformerlyADV_61 smoothadvcl
66..PUNCT_6 putpunct
67----PUNCT_69 E.Dpunct
68[[PUNCT_69 E.Dpunct
69E.DE.DPROPNNumber=Sing6 putobl
70..PUNCT_69 E.Dpunct
71,,PUNCT_72 26.5.10punct
7226.5.1026.5.10NUMNumForm=Digit NumType=Card69 E.Dappos
73..PUNCT_72 26.5.10punct
74]]PUNCT_72 26.5.10punct

Pragmatics

#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1getpastshellinside propertyvn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer
2putpastshellall little pieces of the shellE.D obl; together propertyvn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent piece=Goal
3placepastshell not said herepeoplevn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme
4growpastpeoplestrongly propertyvn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
5showpastthe marksvn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
6joinpast · passivethe piecestogether propertyvn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
7ispresentthatwhy propertytree rules
8findpresentyoualways propertyvn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
9coverpresent · passivethe shell of a tortoisein patchesvn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination in patch=Theme
10ispastbasketformerly propertytree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/4/73/