Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell., sentence 76
There are no hares in the country now occupied by them on the Cross River.
Who acts: hares · What happens: be, occupy · To what, where: country, Cross River
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hares), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | There | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 2 are | expl |
| 2 | are | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 4 hares | det |
| 4 | hares | hare | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 are | nsubj |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 country | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 country | det |
| 7 | country | country | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 are | obl |
| 8 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 9 occupied | advmod |
| 9 | occupied | occupy | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 country | acl |
| 10 | by | by | ADP | _ | 11 them | case |
| 11 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 occupied | obl |
| 12 | on | on | ADP | _ | 15 River | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 River | det |
| 14 | Cross | Cross | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 River | compound |
| 15 | River | River | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 occupied | obl |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 are | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | does | present | no hares | the country; there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in country=Location | ||||
| 2 | occupy | participle | the country not said here | the Cross River | now | by people | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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