Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell., sentence 9
Upon the bush cat saying “No,” the hare ordered him to go there at once.
Who acts: bush cat, hare · What happens: say, order, go · To what, where: cat · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bush cat, hare), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Upon | upon | ADP | _ | 4 cat | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 cat | det |
| 3 | bush | bush | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 cat | compound |
| 4 | cat | cat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 ordered | obl |
| 5 | saying | say | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 4 cat | acl |
| 6 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 No | punct |
| 7 | No | no | INTJ | Polarity=Neg | 5 saying | discourse |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 No | punct |
| 9 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 cat | punct |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 hare | det |
| 11 | hare | hare | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 ordered | nsubj |
| 12 | ordered | order | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 13 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 ordered | obj |
| 14 | to | to | PART | _ | 15 go | mark |
| 15 | go | go | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 12 ordered | xcomp |
| 16 | there | there | ADV | PronType=Dem | 15 go | advmod |
| 17 | at | at | ADP | _ | 18 once | case |
| 18 | once | once | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 15 go | obl |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 12 ordered | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | gerund | the bush cat not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | order | past | the hare | cat | upon the bush cat | vn order-58.3-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent he=Recipient clause=Topic | |||
| 3 | go not said to happen | to-infinitive | the hare not said here | there | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme at once=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/4/9/