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Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell., sentence 8

After he had been waiting for a short time, a bush cat passed on his way to the farm, whereupon the hare jumped up and said: “Have you visited the king’s piece of ground this morning?”

Who acts: hare, bush cat, you · What happens: wait, pass, jump up, say, visit · To what, where: bush cat, way, piece · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hare, bush cat, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

marknsubjauxauxadvclcasedetamodoblpunctdetcompoundnsubjaclcasenmod:possoblcasedetnmodpunctadvmoddetnsubjcompound:prtccconjpunctpunctauxnsubjccompdetnmod:posscaseobjcasenmoddetobl:unmarkedpunctpunctrootAfterSCONJhePRONhadAUXbeenAUXwaitingVERBforADPaDETshortADJtimeNOUN,PUNCTaDETbushNOUNcatNOUNpassedVERBonADPhisPRONwayNOUNtoADPtheDETfarmNOUN,PUNCTwhereuponADVtheDEThareNOUNjumpedVERBupADPandCCONJsaidVERB:PUNCT“PUNCTHaveAUXyouPRONvisitedVERBtheDETkingNOUN’sPARTpieceNOUNofADPgroundNOUNthisDETmorningNOUN?PUNCT”PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1AfterafterSCONJ_5 waitingmark
2hehePRONCase=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs5 waitingnsubj
3hadhaveAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin5 waitingaux
4beenbeAUXTense=Past VerbForm=Part5 waitingaux
5waitingwaitVERBTense=Pres VerbForm=Part25 jumpedadvcl
6forforADP_9 timecase
7aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art9 timedet
8shortshortADJDegree=Pos9 timeamod
9timetimeNOUNNumber=Sing5 waitingobl
10,,PUNCT_5 waitingpunct
11aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art13 catdet
12bushbushNOUNNumber=Sing13 catcompound
13catcatNOUNNumber=Sing25 jumpednsubj
14passedpassVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass13 catacl
15ononADP_17 waycase
16hishisPRONCase=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs17 waynmod:poss
17waywayNOUNNumber=Sing14 passedobl
18totoADP_20 farmcase
19thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art20 farmdet
20farmfarmNOUNNumber=Sing17 waynmod
21,,PUNCT_25 jumpedpunct
22whereuponwhereuponADVPronType=Int25 jumpedadvmod
23thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art24 haredet
24harehareNOUNNumber=Sing25 jumpednsubj
25jumpedjumpVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Finrootroot
26upupADP_25 jumpedcompound:prt
27andandCCONJ_28 saidcc
28saidsayVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin25 jumpedconj
29::PUNCT_33 visitedpunct
30“"PUNCT_33 visitedpunct
31HavehaveAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin33 visitedaux
32youyouPRONCase=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs33 visitednsubj
33visitedvisitVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part28 saidccomp
34thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art35 kingdet
35kingkingNOUNNumber=Sing37 piecenmod:poss
36’s'sPART_35 kingcase
37piecepieceNOUNNumber=Sing33 visitedobj
38ofofADP_39 groundcase
39groundgroundNOUNNumber=Sing37 piecenmod
40thisthisDETNumber=Sing PronType=Dem41 morningdet
41morningmorningNOUNNumber=Sing33 visitedobl:unmarked
42??PUNCT_33 visitedpunct
43”"PUNCT_25 jumpedpunct

Pragmatics

#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1waitpast · perfect · progressiveharetimevn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2passparticiplea bush cat not said herehare's way to the farmvn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme on way=Location
3jump uppasta bush catthe hare nsubj; whereupon propertyvn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4say speech: askpasta bush cat not said herevn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
5visit in a quotepresent · perfectyouthe king's piece of groundmorningvn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent piece=Co-Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/4/8/