Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell., sentence 91
Without troubling to look for any more mushrooms, she put the basket on her head and called out to her husband, saying she was going home at once, and that he was to follow.
Who acts: woman, husband · What happens: trouble, look, put, call out, say, go · To what, where: basket, head, husband · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (woman, husband), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Without | without | SCONJ | _ | 2 troubling | mark |
| 2 | troubling | trouble | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 11 put | advcl |
| 3 | to | to | PART | _ | 4 look | mark |
| 4 | look | look | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 troubling | xcomp |
| 5 | for | for | ADP | _ | 8 mushrooms | case |
| 6 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 8 mushrooms | det |
| 7 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 8 mushrooms | amod |
| 8 | mushrooms | mushroom | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 look | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 troubling | punct |
| 10 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 put | nsubj |
| 11 | put | put | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 basket | det |
| 13 | basket | basket | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 put | obj |
| 14 | on | on | ADP | _ | 16 head | case |
| 15 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 16 head | nmod:poss |
| 16 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 put | obl |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 called | cc |
| 18 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 16 head | conj |
| 19 | out | out | ADP | _ | 18 called | compound:prt |
| 20 | to | to | ADP | _ | 22 husband | case |
| 21 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 22 husband | nmod:poss |
| 22 | husband | husband | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 called | obl |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 saying | punct |
| 24 | saying | say | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 11 put | advcl |
| 25 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 27 going | nsubj |
| 26 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 27 going | aux |
| 27 | going | go | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 24 saying | ccomp |
| 28 | home | home | ADV | _ | 27 going | advmod |
| 29 | at | at | ADP | _ | 30 once | case |
| 30 | once | once | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 27 going | obl |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 follow | punct |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 follow | cc |
| 33 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 37 follow | mark |
| 34 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 37 follow | nsubj |
| 35 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 37 follow | cop |
| 36 | to | to | PART | _ | 37 follow | mark |
| 37 | follow | follow | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 put | conj |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 put | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | trouble | gerund | woman not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | look | to-infinitive | woman not said here | for any more mushrooms | vn rummage-35.5 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent for mushroom=Theme | ||||
| 3 | put | past | woman | the basket | woman's head | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent basket=Theme on head=Destination | |||
| 4 | call out speech: assert | participle | woman not said here | woman's husband | vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to husband=Recipient | ||||
| 5 | say speech: assert | gerund | woman not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 6 | go | past · progressive | woman | home property | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme at once=Location | ||||
| 7 | is | past | husband | follow property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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