Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Iv.--how Elili of Inkum Died, and Was Brought Back to Life Again., sentence 41
By this time the grave was about half full, and the people left it until the next day, when more slaves were being brought in from the farms to be killed and put in the grave to fill it up.
Who acts: grave, people · What happens: be, leave, bring in, kill, put, fill up · To what, where: grave, more slaves, farms
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Iv.--how Elili of Inkum Died, and Was Brought Back to Life Again.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (grave, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | By | by | ADP | _ | 3 time | case |
| 2 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 3 time | det |
| 3 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 full | obl |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 grave | det |
| 5 | grave | grave | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 full | nsubj |
| 6 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 full | cop |
| 7 | about | about | ADV | _ | 8 half | advmod |
| 8 | half | half | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Frac | 9 full | advmod |
| 9 | full | full | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 left | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 left | cc |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 people | det |
| 13 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 left | nsubj |
| 14 | left | leave | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 full | parataxis |
| 15 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 left | obj |
| 16 | until | until | ADP | _ | 19 day | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 day | det |
| 18 | next | next | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 day | amod |
| 19 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 left | obl |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 brought | punct |
| 21 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 26 brought | advmod |
| 22 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 23 slaves | amod |
| 23 | slaves | slave | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 brought | nsubj:pass |
| 24 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 26 brought | aux:pass |
| 25 | being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 26 brought | aux:pass |
| 26 | brought | bring | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 14 left | conj |
| 27 | in | in | ADV | _ | 26 brought | advmod |
| 28 | from | from | ADP | _ | 30 farms | case |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 farms | det |
| 30 | farms | farm | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 brought | obl |
| 31 | to | to | PART | _ | 33 killed | mark |
| 32 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 33 killed | aux:pass |
| 33 | killed | kill | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 26 brought | advcl |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 put | cc |
| 35 | put | put | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 33 killed | conj |
| 36 | in | in | ADP | _ | 38 grave | case |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 grave | det |
| 38 | grave | grave | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 put | obl |
| 39 | to | to | PART | _ | 40 fill | mark |
| 40 | fill | fill | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 35 put | advcl |
| 41 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 40 fill | obj |
| 42 | up | up | ADP | _ | 40 fill | compound:prt |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 full | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | the grave | time | full, half property | tree rules | |||
| 2 | leave | past | the people | grave | day | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme | |||
| 3 | bring in | past · passive | more slaves | the farms | vn earn-54.6 «NP V NP»: subject=Asset | ||||
| 4 | kill | to-infinitive · passive | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle» | ||||||
| 5 | put | participle | the grave | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in grave=Destination | |||||
| 6 | fill up | to-infinitive | grave | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent it=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/5/41/