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Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Iv.--how Elili of Inkum Died, and Was Brought Back to Life Again., sentence 42

When night time came, Edim, who had not been very securely fastened, called to the other four boys, and, managing to get his teeth to the tie-tie which bound the boy nearest to him, he bit it through, and the boy who was then released undid Edim’s thongs, and together they freed the other three boys.

Who acts: night time, tie tie, Edim, boys · What happens: come, not fasten, call, manage, get, bind · To what, where: Edim, teeth, boy, grave, other three boys · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Iv.--how Elili of Inkum Died, and Was Brought Back to Life Again.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (night time, tie tie, Edim, boys), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

markcompoundnsubjadvclpunctoblpunctnsubjauxadvmodaux:passadvmodadvmodparataxispunctconjcasedetamodnummodobl:agentpunctccpunctadvclmarkxcompnmod:possobjcasedetcompoundpunctoblnsubjacl:relcldetobjamodcaseoblpunctnsubjobjadvmodpunctccdetadvclnsubj:passaux:passadvmodacl:relclamodnmod:posscaseobjpunctccadvmodnsubjconjdetamodnummodobjpunctrootWhenSCONJnightNOUNtimeNOUNcameVERB,PUNCTEdimPROPN,PUNCTwhoPRONhadAUXnotPARTbeenAUXveryADVsecurelyADVfastenedVERB,PUNCTcalledVERBtoADPtheDETotherADJfourNUMboysNOUN,PUNCTandCCONJ,PUNCTmanagingVERBtoPARTgetVERBhisPRONteethNOUNtoADPtheDETtieNOUN-PUNCTtieNOUNwhichPRONboundVERBtheDETboyNOUNnearestADJtoADPhimPRON,PUNCThePRONbitVERBitPRONthroughADV,PUNCTandCCONJtheDETboyNOUNwhoPRONwasAUXthenADVreleasedVERBundidADJEdimPROPN’sPARTthongsNOUN,PUNCTandCCONJtogetherADVtheyPRONfreedVERBtheDETotherADJthreeNUMboysNOUN.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1WhenwhenSCONJ_4 camemark
2nightnightNOUNNumber=Sing3 timecompound
3timetimeNOUNNumber=Sing4 camensubj
4camecomeVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin44 bitadvcl
5,,PUNCT_6 Edimpunct
6EdimEdimPROPNNumber=Sing4 cameobl
7,,PUNCT_14 fastenedpunct
8whowhoPRONPronType=Rel14 fastenednsubj
9hadhaveAUXMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin14 fastenedaux
10notnotPARTPolarity=Neg14 fastenedadvmod
11beenbeAUXTense=Past VerbForm=Part14 fastenedaux:pass
12veryveryADV_13 securelyadvmod
13securelysecurelyADV_14 fastenedadvmod
14fastenedfastenVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass6 Edimparataxis
15,,PUNCT_16 calledpunct
16calledcallVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass14 fastenedconj
17totoADP_21 boyscase
18thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art21 boysdet
19otherotherADJDegree=Pos21 boysamod
20fourfourNUMNumForm=Word NumType=Card21 boysnummod
21boysboyNOUNNumber=Plur16 calledobl:agent
22,,PUNCT_25 managingpunct
23andandCCONJ_25 managingcc
24,,PUNCT_25 managingpunct
25managingmanageVERBTense=Pres VerbForm=Part4 cameadvcl
26totoPART_27 getmark
27getgetVERBVerbForm=Inf25 managingxcomp
28hishisPRONCase=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs29 teethnmod:poss
29teethtoothNOUNNumber=Plur27 getobj
30totoADP_34 tiecase
31thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art34 tiedet
32tietieNOUNNumber=Sing34 tiecompound
33--PUNCT_32 tiepunct
34tietieNOUNNumber=Sing27 getobl
35whichwhichPRONPronType=Rel36 boundnsubj
36boundbindVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin34 tieacl:relcl
37thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art38 boydet
38boyboyNOUNNumber=Sing36 boundobj
39nearestnearADJDegree=Sup38 boyamod
40totoADP_41 himcase
41himhePRONCase=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs39 nearestobl
42,,PUNCT_4 camepunct
43hehePRONCase=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs44 bitnsubj
44bitbiteVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Finrootroot
45ititPRONCase=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs44 bitobj
46throughthroughADV_44 bitadvmod
47,,PUNCT_50 boypunct
48andandCCONJ_50 boycc
49thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art50 boydet
50boyboyNOUNNumber=Sing44 bitadvcl
51whowhoPRONPronType=Rel54 releasednsubj:pass
52wasbeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin54 releasedaux:pass
53thenthenADVPronType=Dem54 releasedadvmod
54releasedreleaseVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass50 boyacl:relcl
55undidundidADJDegree=Pos56 Edimamod
56EdimEdimPROPNNumber=Sing58 thongsnmod:poss
57’s'sPART_56 Edimcase
58thongsthongNOUNNumber=Plur54 releasedobj
59,,PUNCT_63 freedpunct
60andandCCONJ_63 freedcc
61togethertogetherADV_63 freedadvmod
62theytheyPRONCase=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs63 freednsubj
63freedfreeVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin44 bitconj
64thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art67 boysdet
65otherotherADJDegree=Pos67 boysamod
66threethreeNUMNumForm=Word NumType=Card67 boysnummod
67boysboyNOUNNumber=Plur63 freedobj
68..PUNCT_44 bitpunct

Pragmatics

#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1comepastnight timeEdimvn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2not fastenpast · perfect · passiveEdimsecurely propertyvn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
3callparticiplethe other four boys obl:agentvn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4managegerundnight time not said herevn succeed-74-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality
5getto-infinitivenight time not said hereEdim's teethto the tie tievn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer tooth=Stimulus
6bindpastthe tie tiethe boyvn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent boy=Patient
7bitepastEdimgravethe boy advcl; through propertyvn swat-18.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient
8releasepast · passivethe boythenundid Edim's thongs objtree rules
9freepastboys = boythe other three boystogether propertyvn free-10.6.3-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Causer boy=Source

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/5/42/