Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Iv.--how Elili of Inkum Died, and Was Brought Back to Life Again., sentence 72
When they got to the palm tree, the chief put his climbing belt of tie-tie round the tree, and, having secured it round his back, walked up to the top and commenced to cut the leaves or branches off round the nuts.
Who acts: DOGS, chief · What happens: get, put, secure, walk up, commence, cut off · To what, where: climbing belt, belt, leaves
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Iv.--how Elili of Inkum Died, and Was Brought Back to Life Again.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (DOGS, chief), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 3 got | advmod |
| 2 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 got | nsubj |
| 3 | got | get | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 put | advcl |
| 4 | to | to | ADP | _ | 7 tree | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 tree | det |
| 6 | palm | palm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 tree | compound |
| 7 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 got | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 got | punct |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 chief | det |
| 10 | chief | chief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 put | nsubj |
| 11 | put | put | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 12 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 14 belt | nmod:poss |
| 13 | climbing | climbing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 belt | compound |
| 14 | belt | belt | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 put | obj |
| 15 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 tie | case |
| 16 | tie | tie | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 tie | compound |
| 17 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 16 tie | punct |
| 18 | tie | tie | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 belt | nmod |
| 19 | round | round | ADP | _ | 21 tree | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 tree | det |
| 21 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 tie | nmod |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 secured | punct |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 secured | cc |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 and | punct |
| 25 | having | have | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 26 secured | aux |
| 26 | secured | secure | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 11 put | conj |
| 27 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 secured | obj |
| 28 | round | round | ADP | _ | 30 back | case |
| 29 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 30 back | nmod:poss |
| 30 | back | back | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 secured | obl |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 walked | punct |
| 32 | walked | walk | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 put | conj |
| 33 | up | up | ADP | _ | 32 walked | compound:prt |
| 34 | to | to | ADP | _ | 36 top | case |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 top | det |
| 36 | top | top | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 walked | obl |
| 37 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 commenced | cc |
| 38 | commenced | commence | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 put | conj |
| 39 | to | to | PART | _ | 40 cut | mark |
| 40 | cut | cut | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 38 commenced | xcomp |
| 41 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 42 leaves | det |
| 42 | leaves | leaf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 40 cut | obj |
| 43 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 44 branches | cc |
| 44 | branches | branch | NOUN | Number=Plur | 42 leaves | conj |
| 45 | off | off | ADP | _ | 40 cut | compound:prt |
| 46 | round | round | ADP | _ | 48 nuts | case |
| 47 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 48 nuts | det |
| 48 | nuts | nut | NOUN | Number=Plur | 40 cut | obl |
| 49 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 put | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | get | past | DOGS = dog | to the palm tree result | vn convert-26.6.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Patient to tree=Result | ||||
| 2 | put | past | the chief | Chief's climbing belt of tie tie round the tree | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent belt=Goal | ||||
| 3 | secure | gerund · perfect | the chief not said here | belt | round Chief's back | vn ensure-99 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition it=Theme | |||
| 4 | walk up | past | the chief not said here | to the top result | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to top=Result | ||||
| 5 | commence | past | the chief not said here | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 6 | cut off | to-infinitive | the chief not said here | the leaves or branches | round the nuts | vn stop-55.4-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Affector leaf=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/5/72/