Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Iv.--how Elili of Inkum Died, and Was Brought Back to Life Again., sentence 73
Akoba then beat her breast, and produced a sharp axe with which she began to cut down the tree, at the same time calling out to her husband that she was going to kill him.
Who acts: Akoba · What happens: beat, produce, begin, cut down, call out, go · To what, where: breast, sharp axe, tree, husband, Chief
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Iv.--how Elili of Inkum Died, and Was Brought Back to Life Again.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Akoba), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Akoba | Akoba | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 beat | nsubj |
| 2 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 beat | advmod |
| 3 | beat | beat | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 5 breast | nmod:poss |
| 5 | breast | breast | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 beat | obj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 produced | punct |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 produced | cc |
| 8 | produced | produce | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 beat | conj |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 axe | det |
| 10 | sharp | sharp | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 axe | amod |
| 11 | axe | axe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 produced | obj |
| 12 | with | with | ADP | _ | 13 which | case |
| 13 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 15 began | obl |
| 14 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 began | nsubj |
| 15 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 axe | acl:relcl |
| 16 | to | to | PART | _ | 17 cut | mark |
| 17 | cut | cut | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 15 began | xcomp |
| 18 | down | down | ADP | _ | 17 cut | compound:prt |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 tree | det |
| 20 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 cut | obj |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 calling | punct |
| 22 | at | at | SCONJ | _ | 26 calling | mark |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 time | det |
| 24 | same | same | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 time | amod |
| 25 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 calling | obl:unmarked |
| 26 | calling | call | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 8 produced | advcl |
| 27 | out | out | ADP | _ | 26 calling | compound:prt |
| 28 | to | to | ADP | _ | 30 husband | case |
| 29 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 30 husband | nmod:poss |
| 30 | husband | husband | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 calling | obl |
| 31 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 34 going | mark |
| 32 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 34 going | nsubj |
| 33 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 34 going | aux |
| 34 | going | go | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 26 calling | advcl |
| 35 | to | to | PART | _ | 36 kill | mark |
| 36 | kill | kill | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 34 going | xcomp |
| 37 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 36 kill | obj |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 beat | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | beat | past | Akoba | Akoba's breast | then | vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location breast=Theme | |||
| 2 | produce | past | Akoba not said here | a sharp axe | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent axe=Result | ||||
| 3 | begin | past | Akoba | with a sharp axe | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | ||||
| 4 | cut down | to-infinitive | Akoba not said here | the tree | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset tree=Product | ||||
| 5 | call out speech: assert | gerund | Akoba not said here | Akoba's husband | time | vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to husband=Recipient | |||
| 6 | go | past · progressive | Akoba | vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 7 | kill | to-infinitive | Akoba not said here | Chief | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/5/73/