Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Iv.--how Elili of Inkum Died, and Was Brought Back to Life Again., sentence 74
Very soon, the tree began to fall, but was fortunately caught by another tree growing near.
Who acts: tree · What happens: begin, fall, catch, grow
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Iv.--how Elili of Inkum Died, and Was Brought Back to Life Again.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (tree), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Very | very | ADV | _ | 2 soon | advmod |
| 2 | soon | soon | ADV | Degree=Pos | 6 began | advmod |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 soon | punct |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 tree | det |
| 5 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 began | nsubj |
| 6 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | to | to | PART | _ | 8 fall | mark |
| 8 | fall | fall | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 began | xcomp |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 caught | punct |
| 10 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 13 caught | cc |
| 11 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 caught | aux:pass |
| 12 | fortunately | fortunately | ADV | _ | 13 caught | advmod |
| 13 | caught | catch | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 began | conj |
| 14 | by | by | ADP | _ | 16 tree | case |
| 15 | another | another | DET | PronType=Ind | 16 tree | det |
| 16 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 caught | obl |
| 17 | growing | grow | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 16 tree | acl |
| 18 | near | near | ADV | _ | 17 growing | advmod |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 began | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | begin | past | the tree | soon property | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | ||||
| 2 | fall | to-infinitive | the tree not said here | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | catch | past · passive | another tree | fortunately property | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | grow | gerund | another tree not said here | near property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/5/74/