Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Iv.--how Elili of Inkum Died, and Was Brought Back to Life Again., sentence 83
In the morning Achor saw the five bundles outside, and asked her husband how he had managed to carry them all, but he refused to tell her.
Who acts: Achor, HUSBAND · What happens: see, ask, manage, carry, refuse, not tell · To what, where: five bundles, husband, bundles, Achor · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Iv.--how Elili of Inkum Died, and Was Brought Back to Life Again.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Achor, HUSBAND), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 morning | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 morning | det |
| 3 | morning | morning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 saw | obl |
| 4 | Achor | Achor | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 saw | nsubj |
| 5 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 bundles | det |
| 7 | five | five | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 8 bundles | nummod |
| 8 | bundles | bundle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 saw | obj |
| 9 | outside | outside | ADV | _ | 8 bundles | advmod |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 asked | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 asked | cc |
| 12 | asked | ask | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 saw | conj |
| 13 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 14 husband | nmod:poss |
| 14 | husband | husband | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 asked | obj |
| 15 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 18 managed | advmod |
| 16 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 managed | nsubj |
| 17 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 managed | aux |
| 18 | managed | manage | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 12 asked | ccomp |
| 19 | to | to | PART | _ | 20 carry | mark |
| 20 | carry | carry | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 18 managed | xcomp |
| 21 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 carry | obj |
| 22 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 21 them | nmod:unmarked |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 refused | punct |
| 24 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 26 refused | cc |
| 25 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 refused | nsubj |
| 26 | refused | refuse | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 saw | conj |
| 27 | to | to | PART | _ | 28 tell | mark |
| 28 | tell | tell | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 26 refused | xcomp |
| 29 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 tell | iobj |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 saw | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | past | Achor | the five bundles | morning | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer bundle=Stimulus | |||
| 2 | ask speech: ask | past | Achor not said here | Achor's husband | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S»: agent=Agent husband=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 3 | manage | past · perfect | HUSBAND | vn succeed-74-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 4 | carry | to-infinitive | HUSBAND not said here | bundles = bundle | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme | ||||
| 5 | refuse | past | HUSBAND | vn reject-77.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 6 | not tell speech: assert | to-infinitive | HUSBAND not said here | Achor | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent she=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/5/83/