Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Iv.--how Elili of Inkum Died, and Was Brought Back to Life Again., sentence 84
So when night came and the chief went to bed, Achor said to him, “I will not sleep with you unless you tell me how you managed to carry those five bundles.”
Who acts: night, chief, Achor · What happens: come, go, say, not sleep, tell, manage · To what, where: bed, Chief, Achor, five bundles · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Iv.--how Elili of Inkum Died, and Was Brought Back to Life Again.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (night, chief, Achor), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | So | so | ADV | _ | 4 came | advmod |
| 2 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 4 came | advmod |
| 3 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 came | nsubj |
| 4 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 went | cc |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 chief | det |
| 7 | chief | chief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 went | nsubj |
| 8 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 came | conj |
| 9 | to | to | ADP | _ | 10 bed | case |
| 10 | bed | bed | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 went | obl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 said | punct |
| 12 | Achor | Achor | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 said | nsubj |
| 13 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 came | parataxis |
| 14 | to | to | ADP | _ | 15 him | case |
| 15 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 said | obl |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 sleep | punct |
| 17 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 21 sleep | punct |
| 18 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 21 sleep | nsubj |
| 19 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 21 sleep | aux |
| 20 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 21 sleep | advmod |
| 21 | sleep | sleep | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 13 said | conj |
| 22 | with | with | ADP | _ | 23 you | case |
| 23 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 21 sleep | obl |
| 24 | unless | unless | SCONJ | _ | 26 tell | mark |
| 25 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 26 tell | nsubj |
| 26 | tell | tell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 sleep | advcl |
| 27 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 26 tell | iobj |
| 28 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 30 managed | advmod |
| 29 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 30 managed | nsubj |
| 30 | managed | manage | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 26 tell | ccomp |
| 31 | to | to | PART | _ | 32 carry | mark |
| 32 | carry | carry | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 30 managed | xcomp |
| 33 | those | that | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 35 bundles | det |
| 34 | five | five | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 35 bundles | nummod |
| 35 | bundles | bundle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 carry | obj |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 came | punct |
| 37 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 came | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come | past | night | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 2 | go | past | the chief | bed | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to bed=Initial_Location | ||||
| 3 | say speech: assert | past | Achor | Chief | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to he=Recipient | ||||
| 4 | not sleep in a quote | future | Achor | with Chief | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | tell speech: assert a condition, not said to happen, in a quote | present | Chief | Achor | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP what S»: agent=Agent i=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 6 | manage in a quote | past | Chief | vn succeed-74-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 7 | carry in a quote | to-infinitive | Chief not said here | that five bundles | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bundle=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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