Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Vii.--how Two Friends Fell Out: the Spider and the Grasshopper., sentence 10
The chief replied, “Yes, there is certainly that custom here, but as I thought you were hungry after your long walk, I ordered the food to be brought at once.”
Who acts: chief, you, food, your · What happens: reply, be, think, order, bring, walk · To what, where: food · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Vii.--how Two Friends Fell Out: the Spider and the Grasshopper.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (chief, you, food, your), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 chief | det |
| 2 | chief | chief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 replied | nsubj |
| 3 | replied | reply | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 here | punct |
| 5 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 13 here | punct |
| 6 | Yes | yes | INTJ | Polarity=Pos | 9 is | discourse |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 Yes | punct |
| 8 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 9 is | expl |
| 9 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 here | cop |
| 10 | certainly | certainly | ADV | _ | 13 here | advmod |
| 11 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 13 here | mark |
| 12 | custom | custom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 here | obl:unmarked |
| 13 | here | here | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 replied | ccomp |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 ordered | punct |
| 15 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 28 ordered | cc |
| 16 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 18 thought | mark |
| 17 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 18 thought | nsubj |
| 18 | thought | think | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 ordered | advcl |
| 19 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 21 hungry | nsubj |
| 20 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 hungry | cop |
| 21 | hungry | hungry | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 thought | ccomp |
| 22 | after | after | ADP | _ | 25 walk | case |
| 23 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 25 walk | nmod:poss |
| 24 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 walk | amod |
| 25 | walk | walk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 hungry | obl |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 thought | punct |
| 27 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 28 ordered | nsubj |
| 28 | ordered | order | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 replied | parataxis |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 food | det |
| 30 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 ordered | obj |
| 31 | to | to | PART | _ | 33 brought | mark |
| 32 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 33 brought | aux:pass |
| 33 | brought | bring | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 28 ordered | xcomp |
| 34 | at | at | ADP | _ | 35 once | case |
| 35 | once | once | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 33 brought | obl |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 replied | punct |
| 37 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 replied | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | reply speech: assert | past | the chief | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | is in a quote | present | custom obl:unmarked; certainly, here property | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | think speech: other in a quote | past | the chief = chief | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | is in a quote | past | you | after your long walk | hungry property | tree rules | |||
| 5 | order in a quote | past | the chief = chief | the food | vn order-58.3-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent food=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 6 | bring not said to happen, in a quote | to-infinitive · passive | the food not said here | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together» | |||||
| 7 | walk in a quote | your | nom walk «act transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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