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Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Vii.--how Two Friends Fell Out: the Spider and the Grasshopper., sentence 9

The chief then ordered food to be placed before them, but the spider, whilst thanking the chief for his kindness, said: “Surely the custom of the country is, when a stranger arrives in a town, to first of all offer him ‘the peace dish,’ consisting of dried meat and kola nuts, to show that he is welcome, and that there is peace between them.”

Who acts: chief, stranger, custom · What happens: order, place, thank, say, arrive, be · To what, where: food, chief, town, peace · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Vii.--how Two Friends Fell Out: the Spider and the Grasshopper.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (chief, stranger, custom), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

detnsubjadvmodobjmarkaux:passaclcaseoblpunctccdetparataxispunctmarkadvcldetobjcasenmod:possnmodpunctconjpunctpunctadvmoddetnsubjcasedetnmodcoppunctmarkdetnsubjadvclcasedetoblpunctcaseoblcaseadvmodccompobjpunctdetcompoundccomppunctpunctnmodcaseamodoblcccompoundconjpunctmarkadvclmarknsubjcopccomppunctccmarkexplcopoblcasenmodpunctpunctrootTheDETchiefNOUNthenADVorderedVERBfoodNOUNtoPARTbeAUXplacedVERBbeforeADPthemPRON,PUNCTbutCCONJtheDETspiderNOUN,PUNCTwhilstSCONJthankingVERBtheDETchiefNOUNforADPhisPRONkindnessNOUN,PUNCTsaidVERB:PUNCT“PUNCTSurelyADVtheDETcustomNOUNofADPtheDETcountryNOUNisAUX,PUNCTwhenSCONJaDETstrangerNOUNarrivesVERBinADPaDETtownNOUN,PUNCTtoADPfirstADVofADPallDETofferVERBhimPRON‘PUNCTtheDETpeaceNOUNdishNOUN,PUNCT’PUNCTconsistingVERBofADPdriedVERBmeatNOUNandCCONJkolaNOUNnutsNOUN,PUNCTtoPARTshowVERBthatSCONJhePRONisAUXwelcomeADJ,PUNCTandCCONJthatSCONJtherePRONisAUXpeaceNOUNbetweenADPthemPRON.PUNCT”PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1ThetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art2 chiefdet
2chiefchiefNOUNNumber=Sing4 orderednsubj
3thenthenADVPronType=Dem4 orderedadvmod
4orderedorderVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Finrootroot
5foodfoodNOUNNumber=Sing4 orderedobj
6totoPART_8 placedmark
7bebeAUXVerbForm=Inf8 placedaux:pass
8placedplaceVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass5 foodacl
9beforebeforeADP_10 themcase
10themtheyPRONCase=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs8 placedobl
11,,PUNCT_14 spiderpunct
12butbutCCONJ_14 spidercc
13thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art14 spiderdet
14spiderspiderNOUNNumber=Sing4 orderedparataxis
15,,PUNCT_17 thankingpunct
16whilstwhilstSCONJ_17 thankingmark
17thankingthankVERBVerbForm=Ger4 orderedadvcl
18thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art19 chiefdet
19chiefchiefNOUNNumber=Sing17 thankingobj
20forforADP_22 kindnesscase
21hishisPRONCase=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs22 kindnessnmod:poss
22kindnesskindnessNOUNNumber=Sing19 chiefnmod
23,,PUNCT_24 saidpunct
24saidsayVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin4 orderedconj
25::PUNCT_29 custompunct
26“"PUNCT_29 custompunct
27SurelysurelyADV_29 customadvmod
28thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art29 customdet
29customcustomNOUNNumber=Sing47 offernsubj
30ofofADP_32 countrycase
31thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art32 countrydet
32countrycountryNOUNNumber=Sing29 customnmod
33isbeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin47 offercop
34,,PUNCT_33 ispunct
35whenwhenSCONJ_38 arrivesmark
36aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art37 strangerdet
37strangerstrangerNOUNNumber=Sing38 arrivesnsubj
38arrivesarriveVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin47 offeradvcl
39ininADP_41 towncase
40aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art41 towndet
41towntownNOUNNumber=Sing38 arrivesobl
42,,PUNCT_47 offerpunct
43totoADP_44 firstcase
44firstfirstADVNumForm=Word NumType=Ord47 offerobl
45ofofADP_46 allcase
46allallDETPronType=Tot47 offeradvmod
47offerofferVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin24 saidccomp
48himhePRONCase=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs47 offerobj
49‘'PUNCT_52 dishpunct
50thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art52 dishdet
51peacepeaceNOUNNumber=Sing52 dishcompound
52dishdishNOUNNumber=Sing24 saidccomp
53,,PUNCT_55 consistingpunct
54’'PUNCT_55 consistingpunct
55consistingconsistVERBVerbForm=Ger52 dishnmod
56ofofADP_58 meatcase
57drieddryVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass58 meatamod
58meatmeatNOUNNumber=Sing55 consistingobl
59andandCCONJ_61 nutscc
60kolakolaNOUNNumber=Sing61 nutscompound
61nutsnutNOUNNumber=Plur58 meatconj
62,,PUNCT_64 showpunct
63totoPART_64 showmark
64showshowVERBVerbForm=Inf55 consistingadvcl
65thatthatSCONJ_68 welcomemark
66hehePRONCase=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs68 welcomensubj
67isbeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin68 welcomecop
68welcomewelcomeADJDegree=Pos64 showccomp
69,,PUNCT_74 peacepunct
70andandCCONJ_74 peacecc
71thatthatSCONJ_73 ismark
72theretherePRONPronType=Dem73 isexpl
73isbeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin74 peacecop
74peacepeaceNOUNNumber=Sing68 welcomeobl
75betweenbetweenADP_76 themcase
76themtheyPRONCase=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs74 peacenmod
77..PUNCT_52 dishpunct
78”"PUNCT_52 dishpunct

Pragmatics

#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1orderpastthe chieffoodthenthe spider parataxisvn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Theme
2placeto-infinitive · passivethe chief not said herefood not said herebefore spidervn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: before they=Destination
3thank speech: thankgerundthe chief not said herethe chieffor chief's kindnessvn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent chief=Theme for kindness=Attribute
4say speech: assertpastthe chief not said herethe peace dish ccompvn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
5arrive in a quotepresenta strangera townvn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
6is in a quotepresentthe custom of the countryStranger obj; offer propertytree rules
7consist in a quotegerundof dried meat and kola nutstree rules
8dry in a quoteparticiplevn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
9show in a quoteto-infinitivevn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
10is in a quotepresentStrangerwelcome propertytree rules
11is a in a quotepresentpeacebetween spidertree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

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