Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Vii.--how Two Friends Fell Out: the Spider and the Grasshopper., sentence 8
The grasshopper said he was called Dabi, and introduced his friend as “Stranger.”
Who acts: grasshopper · What happens: say, call, introduce · To what, where: grasshopper, friend · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Vii.--how Two Friends Fell Out: the Spider and the Grasshopper.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (grasshopper), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 grasshopper | det |
| 2 | grasshopper | grasshopper | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 said | nsubj |
| 3 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 called | nsubj |
| 5 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 called | aux:pass |
| 6 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 said | ccomp |
| 7 | Dabi | Dabi | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 called | xcomp |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 introduced | punct |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 introduced | cc |
| 10 | introduced | introduce | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 said | parataxis |
| 11 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 12 friend | nmod:poss |
| 12 | friend | friend | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 introduced | obj |
| 13 | as | as | ADP | _ | 15 Stranger | case |
| 14 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 15 Stranger | punct |
| 15 | Stranger | stranger | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 introduced | obl |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 said | punct |
| 17 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | the grasshopper | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | call | past · passive | grasshopper | Dabi xcomp | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient | ||||
| 3 | introduce | past | grasshopper's friend | as Stranger | vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent friend=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/6/8/