Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Vii.--how Two Friends Fell Out: the Spider and the Grasshopper., sentence 102
The man, who had been watching, saw Ewa Abagi and recognized her.
Who acts: man · What happens: watch, see, recognize · To what, where: Ewa
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Vii.--how Two Friends Fell Out: the Spider and the Grasshopper.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 man | det |
| 2 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 saw | nsubj |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 watching | punct |
| 4 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 7 watching | nsubj |
| 5 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 watching | aux |
| 6 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 7 watching | aux |
| 7 | watching | watch | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 2 man | acl:relcl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 man | punct |
| 9 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | Ewa | Ewa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 saw | obj |
| 11 | Abagi | Abagi | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 Ewa | flat |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 recognized | cc |
| 13 | recognized | recognize | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 saw | conj |
| 14 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 recognized | obj |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 saw | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | watch | past · perfect · progressive | the man | vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | see | past | the man | Ewa | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer ewa=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | recognize | past | the man not said here | EWA | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer she=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/6/102/