Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Vii.--how Two Friends Fell Out: the Spider and the Grasshopper., sentence 103
He therefore came down from the tree and went at once to the chief and told him what he had seen.
Who acts: chief · What happens: come down, go, tell, see · To what, where: tree, chief · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Vii.--how Two Friends Fell Out: the Spider and the Grasshopper.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (chief), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 came | nsubj |
| 2 | therefore | therefore | ADV | _ | 3 came | advmod |
| 3 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | down | down | ADV | _ | 3 came | advmod |
| 5 | from | from | ADP | _ | 7 tree | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 tree | det |
| 7 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 came | obl |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 went | cc |
| 9 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 came | conj |
| 10 | at | at | ADP | _ | 11 once | case |
| 11 | once | once | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 9 went | obl |
| 12 | to | to | ADP | _ | 14 chief | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 chief | det |
| 14 | chief | chief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 went | obl |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 told | cc |
| 16 | told | tell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 came | conj |
| 17 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 told | iobj |
| 18 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 21 seen | obj |
| 19 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 seen | nsubj |
| 20 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 seen | aux |
| 21 | seen | see | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 16 told | ccomp |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 came | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come down | past | chief | the tree | down, therefore property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from tree=Initial_Location | |||
| 2 | go | past | chief not said here | the chief | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to chief=Initial_Location | ||||
| 3 | tell speech: assert | past | chief not said here | chief | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP what S»: agent=Agent he=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 4 | see | past · perfect | chief | what obj | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer what=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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