Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Vii.--how Two Friends Fell Out: the Spider and the Grasshopper., sentence 108
The young men, who had gone to the place before it was light, and who had lined both banks of the Abum river, by the chief’s orders, were all hidden out of sight, and, when Ewa Abagi came out of the water, they immediately surrounded her and caught her before she could get back to the river.
Who acts: young men, place, orders, Ewa, chief · What happens: go, be, line, hide out, come out, surround · To what, where: place, banks, young men, sight, water, MEN
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Vii.--how Two Friends Fell Out: the Spider and the Grasshopper.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (young men, place, orders, Ewa), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 men | det |
| 2 | young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 men | amod |
| 3 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 hidden | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 gone | punct |
| 5 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 7 gone | nsubj |
| 6 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 gone | aux |
| 7 | gone | go | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 3 men | acl:relcl |
| 8 | to | to | ADP | _ | 10 place | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 place | det |
| 10 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 gone | obl |
| 11 | before | before | SCONJ | _ | 14 light | mark |
| 12 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 light | nsubj |
| 13 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 light | cop |
| 14 | light | light | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 gone | advcl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 lined | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 lined | cc |
| 17 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 19 lined | nsubj:pass |
| 18 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 lined | aux |
| 19 | lined | line | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 14 light | conj |
| 20 | both | both | DET | PronType=Tot | 21 banks | det |
| 21 | banks | bank | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 lined | obj |
| 22 | of | of | ADP | _ | 25 river | case |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 river | det |
| 24 | Abum | Abum | PROPN | Number=Sing | 25 river | compound |
| 25 | river | river | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 banks | nmod |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 orders | punct |
| 27 | by | by | ADP | _ | 31 orders | case |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 chief | det |
| 29 | chief | chief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 orders | nmod:poss |
| 30 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 29 chief | case |
| 31 | orders | order | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 lined | obl |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 men | punct |
| 33 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 35 hidden | aux:pass |
| 34 | all | all | ADV | _ | 35 hidden | advmod |
| 35 | hidden | hide | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 36 | out | out | ADP | _ | 38 sight | case |
| 37 | of | of | ADP | _ | 38 sight | case |
| 38 | sight | sight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 hidden | obl |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 45 came | punct |
| 40 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 45 came | cc |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 45 came | punct |
| 42 | when | when | SCONJ | _ | 45 came | mark |
| 43 | Ewa | Ewa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 45 came | nsubj |
| 44 | Abagi | Abagi | PROPN | Number=Sing | 43 Ewa | flat |
| 45 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 35 hidden | conj |
| 46 | out | out | ADP | _ | 49 water | case |
| 47 | of | of | ADP | _ | 49 water | case |
| 48 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 49 water | det |
| 49 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 came | obl |
| 50 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 53 surrounded | punct |
| 51 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 53 surrounded | nsubj:pass |
| 52 | immediately | immediately | ADV | _ | 53 surrounded | advmod |
| 53 | surrounded | surround | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 35 hidden | conj |
| 54 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 53 surrounded | obj |
| 55 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 56 caught | cc |
| 56 | caught | catch | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 35 hidden | conj |
| 57 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 56 caught | obj |
| 58 | before | before | SCONJ | _ | 61 get | mark |
| 59 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 61 get | nsubj |
| 60 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 61 get | aux |
| 61 | get | get | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 56 caught | advcl |
| 62 | back | back | ADV | _ | 61 get | advmod |
| 63 | to | to | ADP | _ | 65 river | case |
| 64 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 65 river | det |
| 65 | river | river | NOUN | Number=Sing | 62 back | obl |
| 66 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 35 hidden | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | go | past · perfect | the young men | the place | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to place=Initial_Location | ||||
| 2 | is | past | place | light property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | line | past · perfect · passive | the chief's orders | both banks of the Abum river | who nsubj:pass | tree rules | |||
| 4 | hide out | past · passive | the young men | sight | all property | tree rules | |||
| 5 | come out | past | Ewa | the water | vn become-109.1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient water=Result | ||||
| 6 | surround | participle · passive | MEN = man | EWA obj; immediately property | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | catch | past | EWA | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent she=Theme | |||||
| 8 | get back | could | EWA | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 9 | order | the chief | nom order «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/6/108/