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Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Vii.--how Two Friends Fell Out: the Spider and the Grasshopper., sentence 108

The young men, who had gone to the place before it was light, and who had lined both banks of the Abum river, by the chief’s orders, were all hidden out of sight, and, when Ewa Abagi came out of the water, they immediately surrounded her and caught her before she could get back to the river.

Who acts: young men, place, orders, Ewa, chief · What happens: go, be, line, hide out, come out, surround · To what, where: place, banks, young men, sight, water, MEN

This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Vii.--how Two Friends Fell Out: the Spider and the Grasshopper.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (young men, place, orders, Ewa), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

detamodnsubj:passpunctnsubjauxacl:relclcasedetoblmarknsubjcopadvclpunctccnsubj:passauxconjdetobjcasedetcompoundnmodpunctcasedetnmod:posscaseoblpunctaux:passadvmodcasecaseoblpunctccpunctmarknsubjflatconjcasecasedetoblpunctnsubj:passadvmodconjobjccconjobjmarknsubjauxadvcladvmodcasedetoblpunctrootTheDETyoungADJmenNOUN,PUNCTwhoPRONhadAUXgoneVERBtoADPtheDETplaceNOUNbeforeSCONJitPRONwasAUXlightADJ,PUNCTandCCONJwhoPRONhadAUXlinedVERBbothDETbanksNOUNofADPtheDETAbumPROPNriverNOUN,PUNCTbyADPtheDETchiefNOUN’sPARTordersNOUN,PUNCTwereAUXallADVhiddenVERBoutADPofADPsightNOUN,PUNCTandCCONJ,PUNCTwhenSCONJEwaPROPNAbagiPROPNcameVERBoutADPofADPtheDETwaterNOUN,PUNCTtheyPRONimmediatelyADVsurroundedVERBherPRONandCCONJcaughtVERBherPRONbeforeSCONJshePRONcouldAUXgetVERBbackADVtoADPtheDETriverNOUN.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1ThetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art3 mendet
2youngyoungADJDegree=Pos3 menamod
3menmanNOUNNumber=Plur35 hiddennsubj:pass
4,,PUNCT_7 gonepunct
5whowhoPRONPronType=Rel7 gonensubj
6hadhaveAUXMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin7 goneaux
7gonegoVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part3 menacl:relcl
8totoADP_10 placecase
9thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art10 placedet
10placeplaceNOUNNumber=Sing7 goneobl
11beforebeforeSCONJ_14 lightmark
12ititPRONCase=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs14 lightnsubj
13wasbeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin14 lightcop
14lightlightADJDegree=Pos7 goneadvcl
15,,PUNCT_19 linedpunct
16andandCCONJ_19 linedcc
17whowhoPRONPronType=Rel19 linednsubj:pass
18hadhaveAUXMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin19 linedaux
19linedlineVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass14 lightconj
20bothbothDETPronType=Tot21 banksdet
21banksbankNOUNNumber=Plur19 linedobj
22ofofADP_25 rivercase
23thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art25 riverdet
24AbumAbumPROPNNumber=Sing25 rivercompound
25riverriverNOUNNumber=Sing21 banksnmod
26,,PUNCT_31 orderspunct
27bybyADP_31 orderscase
28thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art29 chiefdet
29chiefchiefNOUNNumber=Sing31 ordersnmod:poss
30’s'sPART_29 chiefcase
31ordersorderNOUNNumber=Plur19 linedobl
32,,PUNCT_3 menpunct
33werebeAUXMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin35 hiddenaux:pass
34allallADV_35 hiddenadvmod
35hiddenhideVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Passrootroot
36outoutADP_38 sightcase
37ofofADP_38 sightcase
38sightsightNOUNNumber=Sing35 hiddenobl
39,,PUNCT_45 camepunct
40andandCCONJ_45 camecc
41,,PUNCT_45 camepunct
42whenwhenSCONJ_45 camemark
43EwaEwaPROPNNumber=Sing45 camensubj
44AbagiAbagiPROPNNumber=Sing43 Ewaflat
45camecomeVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin35 hiddenconj
46outoutADP_49 watercase
47ofofADP_49 watercase
48thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art49 waterdet
49waterwaterNOUNNumber=Sing45 cameobl
50,,PUNCT_53 surroundedpunct
51theytheyPRONCase=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs53 surroundednsubj:pass
52immediatelyimmediatelyADV_53 surroundedadvmod
53surroundedsurroundVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass35 hiddenconj
54hershePRONCase=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs53 surroundedobj
55andandCCONJ_56 caughtcc
56caughtcatchVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin35 hiddenconj
57hershePRONCase=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs56 caughtobj
58beforebeforeSCONJ_61 getmark
59sheshePRONCase=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs61 getnsubj
60couldcouldAUXVerbForm=Fin61 getaux
61getgetVERBVerbForm=Inf56 caughtadvcl
62backbackADV_61 getadvmod
63totoADP_65 rivercase
64thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art65 riverdet
65riverriverNOUNNumber=Sing62 backobl
66..PUNCT_35 hiddenpunct

Pragmatics

#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1gopast · perfectthe young menthe placevn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to place=Initial_Location
2ispastplacelight propertytree rules
3linepast · perfect · passivethe chief's ordersboth banks of the Abum riverwho nsubj:passtree rules
4hide outpast · passivethe young mensightall propertytree rules
5come outpastEwathe watervn become-109.1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient water=Result
6surroundparticiple · passiveMEN = manEWA obj; immediately propertytree rules
7catchpastEWAvn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent she=Theme
8get backcouldEWAvn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer
9orderthe chiefnom order «communication transitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/6/108/