Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Vii.--how Two Friends Fell Out: the Spider and the Grasshopper., sentence 30
Osegi then went out and gave the necessary orders, and told her slaves to be most particular to call the grasshopper’s name the next time there was food so that he should be able to eat.
Who acts: Osegi, grasshopper · What happens: go out, give, tell, be, call, eat · To what, where: necessary orders, slaves, name · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Vii.--how Two Friends Fell Out: the Spider and the Grasshopper.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Osegi, grasshopper), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Osegi | Osegi | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 went | nsubj |
| 2 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 went | advmod |
| 3 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | out | out | ADV | _ | 3 went | advmod |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 gave | cc |
| 6 | gave | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 went | conj |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 orders | det |
| 8 | necessary | necessary | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 orders | amod |
| 9 | orders | order | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 gave | obj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 told | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 told | cc |
| 12 | told | tell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 went | conj |
| 13 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 14 slaves | nmod:poss |
| 14 | slaves | slave | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 told | iobj |
| 15 | to | to | PART | _ | 18 particular | mark |
| 16 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 18 particular | cop |
| 17 | most | most | ADV | Degree=Sup | 18 particular | advmod |
| 18 | particular | particular | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 told | ccomp |
| 19 | to | to | PART | _ | 20 call | mark |
| 20 | call | call | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 18 particular | csubj |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 grasshopper | det |
| 22 | grasshopper | grasshopper | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 name | nmod:poss |
| 23 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 22 grasshopper | case |
| 24 | name | name | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 call | obj |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 time | det |
| 26 | next | next | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 time | amod |
| 27 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 call | obl:unmarked |
| 28 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 29 was | expl |
| 29 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 27 time | acl:relcl |
| 30 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 was | nsubj |
| 31 | so | so | SCONJ | ExtPos=SCONJ | 36 able | mark |
| 32 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 31 so | fixed |
| 33 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 36 able | nsubj |
| 34 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 36 able | aux |
| 35 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 36 able | cop |
| 36 | able | able | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 call | advcl |
| 37 | to | to | PART | _ | 38 eat | mark |
| 38 | eat | eat | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 36 able | xcomp |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 went | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | go out | past | Osegi | then | out property | vn interact-36.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||
| 2 | give | past | Osegi not said here | the necessary orders | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent order=Theme | ||||
| 3 | tell speech: assert | past | Osegi not said here | Osegi's slaves | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent slave=Recipient | ||||
| 4 | is not said to happen | to-infinitive | particular property | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | call | to-infinitive | the grasshopper's name | time | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent name=Recipient | ||||
| 6 | is | should | grasshopper | able property | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | eat | to-infinitive | grasshopper not said here | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 8 | name | the grasshopper | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/6/30/