Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Vii.--how Two Friends Fell Out: the Spider and the Grasshopper., sentence 38
Seeing there was no one about, he took his outside skin off very quickly and hung it up on a peg on the wall, making it look just like a living grasshopper; he then went out and joined the dancers.
Who acts: grasshopper, skin · What happens: see, be, take off, hang up, make, look · To what, where: one, outside skin, skin, peg, dancers
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Vii.--how Two Friends Fell Out: the Spider and the Grasshopper.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (grasshopper, skin), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Seeing | see | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 9 took | advcl |
| 2 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 1 Seeing | expl |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 one | cop |
| 4 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 5 one | det |
| 5 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Seeing | obl |
| 6 | about | about | ADV | _ | 1 Seeing | advmod |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Seeing | punct |
| 8 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 took | nsubj |
| 9 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 12 skin | nmod:poss |
| 11 | outside | outside | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 skin | amod |
| 12 | skin | skin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 took | obj |
| 13 | off | off | ADP | _ | 9 took | compound:prt |
| 14 | very | very | ADV | _ | 15 quickly | advmod |
| 15 | quickly | quickly | ADV | _ | 9 took | advmod |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 hung | cc |
| 17 | hung | hang | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 took | conj |
| 18 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 hung | obj |
| 19 | up | up | ADP | _ | 17 hung | compound:prt |
| 20 | on | on | ADP | _ | 22 peg | case |
| 21 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 peg | det |
| 22 | peg | peg | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 hung | obl |
| 23 | on | on | ADP | _ | 25 wall | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 wall | det |
| 25 | wall | wall | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 hung | obl |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 making | punct |
| 27 | making | make | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 17 hung | advcl |
| 28 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 27 making | obj |
| 29 | look | look | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 27 making | xcomp |
| 30 | just | just | ADV | _ | 34 grasshopper | advmod |
| 31 | like | like | ADP | _ | 34 grasshopper | case |
| 32 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 34 grasshopper | det |
| 33 | living | living | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 grasshopper | compound |
| 34 | grasshopper | grasshopper | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 look | obl |
| 35 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 38 went | punct |
| 36 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 38 went | nsubj |
| 37 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 38 went | advmod |
| 38 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 took | conj |
| 39 | out | out | ADV | _ | 38 went | advmod |
| 40 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 joined | cc |
| 41 | joined | join | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 38 went | conj |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 43 dancers | det |
| 43 | dancers | dancer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 41 joined | obj |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 took | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | gerund | grasshopper not said here | there | about property | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||
| 2 | is a | past | no one | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | take off | past | grasshopper | grasshopper's outside skin | quickly property | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent skin=Theme | |||
| 4 | hang up | past | grasshopper not said here | skin | a peg | on the wall | vn put_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent it=Theme on peg=Destination | ||
| 5 | make | gerund | grasshopper not said here | skin | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | look | infinitive | skin not said here | like a living grasshopper | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | ||||
| 7 | go out | past | grasshopper | then | out property | vn interact-36.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||
| 8 | join | past | grasshopper not said here | the dancers | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dancer=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/6/38/