Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop., sentence 108
One day, while his grandmother was cooking, he heard the company of small boys to which he belonged playing outside, so he stole out of the house and joined them.
Who acts: grandmother, Ogor · What happens: cook, hear, belong, play, steal, join · To what, where: company, house, boys
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (grandmother, Ogor), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | One | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 2 day | nummod |
| 2 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 heard | obl:unmarked |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 cooking | punct |
| 4 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 8 cooking | mark |
| 5 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 6 grandmother | nmod:poss |
| 6 | grandmother | grandmother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 cooking | nsubj |
| 7 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 cooking | aux |
| 8 | cooking | cook | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 2 day | conj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 day | punct |
| 10 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 heard | nsubj |
| 11 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 company | det |
| 13 | company | company | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 heard | obj |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 boys | case |
| 15 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 boys | amod |
| 16 | boys | boy | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 company | nmod |
| 17 | to | to | ADP | _ | 18 which | case |
| 18 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 20 belonged | obl |
| 19 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 belonged | nsubj |
| 20 | belonged | belong | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 boys | acl:relcl |
| 21 | playing | play | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 20 belonged | xcomp |
| 22 | outside | outside | ADV | _ | 21 playing | advmod |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 stole | punct |
| 24 | so | so | ADV | _ | 26 stole | advmod |
| 25 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 stole | nsubj |
| 26 | stole | steal | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 heard | parataxis |
| 27 | out | out | ADP | _ | 30 house | case |
| 28 | of | of | ADP | _ | 30 house | case |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 house | det |
| 30 | house | house | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 stole | obl |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 joined | cc |
| 32 | joined | join | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 26 stole | conj |
| 33 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 joined | obj |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 heard | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | cook | past · progressive | Ogor's grandmother | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | hear | past | Ogor | the company of small boys | day | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer company=Stimulus | |||
| 3 | belong | past | Ogor | to small boys | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | play | gerund | Ogor not said here | outside property | vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | steal | past | Ogor | the house | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme out house=Location | ||||
| 6 | join | past | Ogor not said here | boys = boy | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/7/108/