Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop., sentence 126
She then walked to the porcupine’s house and told him that she was in great grief as she had lost her only son Ogor, and could not find out what had become of him.
Who acts: Omegha · What happens: walk, tell, be, lose, not find out, become · To what, where: porcupine, great grief, mother · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Omegha), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | She | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 walked | nsubj |
| 2 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 walked | advmod |
| 3 | walked | walk | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | to | to | ADP | _ | 8 house | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 porcupine | det |
| 6 | porcupine | porcupine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 house | nmod:poss |
| 7 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 6 porcupine | case |
| 8 | house | house | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 walked | obl |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 told | cc |
| 10 | told | tell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 walked | conj |
| 11 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 told | iobj |
| 12 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 17 grief | mark |
| 13 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 grief | nsubj |
| 14 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 grief | cop |
| 15 | in | in | ADP | _ | 17 grief | case |
| 16 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 grief | amod |
| 17 | grief | grief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 told | ccomp |
| 18 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 21 lost | mark |
| 19 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 lost | nsubj |
| 20 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 lost | aux |
| 21 | lost | lose | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 10 told | ccomp |
| 22 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 lost | obj |
| 23 | only | only | ADV | _ | 24 son | advmod |
| 24 | son | son | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 lost | obl |
| 25 | Ogor | Ogor | PROPN | Number=Sing | 24 son | appos |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 find | punct |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 find | cc |
| 28 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 30 find | aux |
| 29 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 30 find | advmod |
| 30 | find | find | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 walked | advcl |
| 31 | out | out | ADP | _ | 30 find | compound:prt |
| 32 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 34 become | nsubj |
| 33 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 34 become | aux |
| 34 | become | become | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 30 find | ccomp |
| 35 | of | of | ADP | _ | 36 him | case |
| 36 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 34 become | obl |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 walked | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | walk | past | Omegha | then | to the porcupine's house result | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to house=Result | |||
| 2 | tell speech: assert | past | Omegha not said here | porcupine | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent he=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 3 | is | past | Omegha | great grief | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | lose | past · perfect | Omegha | mother | son obl | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent she=Eventuality | |||
| 5 | not find out | could | Omegha not said here | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V what S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 6 | become | past · perfect | of Ogor; what nsubj | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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