Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop., sentence 127
Omegha then asked the porcupine to help her, which he promised to do.
Who acts: Omegha, porcupine · What happens: ask, help, promise, do · To what, where: porcupine, Omegha
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Omegha, porcupine), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Omegha | Omegha | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 asked | nsubj |
| 2 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 asked | advmod |
| 3 | asked | ask | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 porcupine | det |
| 5 | porcupine | porcupine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 asked | obj |
| 6 | to | to | PART | _ | 7 help | mark |
| 7 | help | help | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 asked | xcomp |
| 8 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 help | obj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 promised | punct |
| 10 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 12 promised | obj |
| 11 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 promised | nsubj |
| 12 | promised | promise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 asked | conj |
| 13 | to | to | PART | _ | 14 do | mark |
| 14 | do | do | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 12 promised | xcomp |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 asked | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ask speech: ask | past | Omegha | the porcupine | then | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S_INF»: agent=Agent porcupine=Recipient clause=Topic | |||
| 2 | help not said to happen | to-infinitive | Omegha not said here | Omegha | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent she=Beneficiary | ||||
| 3 | promise speech: promise | past | porcupine | which obj | vn promise-37.13 «NP V NP that S»: agent=Agent which=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 4 | do not said to happen | to-infinitive | porcupine not said here | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/7/127/