Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop., sentence 139
The porcupine was then called upon to tell all the people what had happened.
Who acts: people · What happens: call, tell, happen · To what, where: porcupine, people · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 porcupine | det |
| 2 | porcupine | porcupine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 called | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 called | aux:pass |
| 4 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 5 called | advmod |
| 5 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | upon | upon | SCONJ | _ | 8 tell | mark |
| 7 | to | to | PART | _ | 8 tell | mark |
| 8 | tell | tell | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 called | xcomp |
| 9 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 11 people | det:predet |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 people | det |
| 11 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 tell | iobj |
| 12 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 14 happened | nsubj |
| 13 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 happened | aux |
| 14 | happened | happen | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 11 people | acl:relcl |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 called | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | call | past · passive | the porcupine | then | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | tell speech: assert | to-infinitive | all people | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent people=Recipient | |||||
| 3 | happen | past · perfect | all people | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/7/139/