Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop., sentence 141
They had then left him to drown, but the water ju-ju, being kind-hearted, had saved him.
Who acts: people, water · What happens: have, leave, drown, ju, be, save · To what, where: porcupine
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people, water), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 had | nsubj |
| 2 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 4 left | advmod |
| 4 | left | leave | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 had | ccomp |
| 5 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 left | obj |
| 6 | to | to | PART | _ | 7 drown | mark |
| 7 | drown | drown | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 left | advcl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 ju | punct |
| 9 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 14 ju | cc |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 water | det |
| 11 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 ju | nsubj |
| 12 | ju | ju | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 ju | compound |
| 13 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 12 ju | punct |
| 14 | ju | ju | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 had | parataxis |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 kind | punct |
| 16 | being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 17 kind | cop |
| 17 | kind | kind | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 ju | parataxis |
| 18 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 17 kind | punct |
| 19 | hearted | hearted | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 kind | conj |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 saved | punct |
| 21 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 saved | aux |
| 22 | saved | save | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 2 had | conj |
| 23 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 saved | obj |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 had | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | past | people | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | leave | past | people not said here | porcupine | then | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme | |||
| 3 | drown | to-infinitive | people not said here | vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | ju | the water | tree rules | ||||||
| 5 | is | gerund | kind property | tree rules | |||||
| 6 | be | tree rules | |||||||
| 7 | save | past · perfect | people not said here | porcupine | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/7/141/