Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop., sentence 28
So the following morning the Inkum young men surrounded Enfitop, but hid themselves in the bush, and waited there until all the men and women had gone to their farms to work, leaving only the old people and young children in the town.
Who acts: men · What happens: follow, surround, hide, wait, go, work · To what, where: Inkum young men, children, bush, farms, old people, town
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | So | so | ADV | _ | 13 hid | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 morning | det |
| 3 | following | follow | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 4 morning | amod |
| 4 | morning | morning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 hid | obl:unmarked |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 men | det |
| 6 | Inkum | Inkum | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 men | compound |
| 7 | young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 men | amod |
| 8 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 morning | nmod |
| 9 | surrounded | surround | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 men | acl |
| 10 | Enfitop | Enfitop | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 surrounded | obl:agent |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 hid | punct |
| 12 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 13 hid | cc |
| 13 | hid | hide | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 14 | themselves | themselves | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 13 hid | obj |
| 15 | in | in | ADP | _ | 17 bush | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 bush | det |
| 17 | bush | bush | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 hid | obl |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 waited | punct |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 waited | cc |
| 20 | waited | wait | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 hid | parataxis |
| 21 | there | there | ADV | PronType=Dem | 20 waited | advmod |
| 22 | until | until | SCONJ | _ | 29 gone | mark |
| 23 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 25 men | det:predet |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 men | det |
| 25 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 gone | nsubj |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 women | cc |
| 27 | women | woman | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 men | conj |
| 28 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 29 gone | aux |
| 29 | gone | go | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 20 waited | conj |
| 30 | to | to | ADP | _ | 32 farms | case |
| 31 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 32 farms | nmod:poss |
| 32 | farms | farm | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 gone | obl |
| 33 | to | to | PART | _ | 34 work | mark |
| 34 | work | work | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 29 gone | advcl |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 leaving | punct |
| 36 | leaving | leave | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 29 gone | advcl |
| 37 | only | only | ADV | _ | 40 people | advmod |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 people | det |
| 39 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 people | amod |
| 40 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 leaving | obj |
| 41 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 43 children | cc |
| 42 | young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 43 children | amod |
| 43 | children | child | NOUN | Number=Plur | 40 people | conj |
| 44 | in | in | ADP | _ | 46 town | case |
| 45 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 46 town | det |
| 46 | town | town | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 leaving | obl |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 13 hid | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | follow | gerund | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 2 | surround | participle | the Inkum young men not said here | Enfitop obl:agent | vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | hide | past | children = child | the bush | morning | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent themselves=Patient in bush=Location | |||
| 4 | wait | past | there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | go | past · perfect | all men and women | children's farms | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to farm=Initial_Location | ||||
| 6 | work | to-infinitive | all men and women not said here | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 7 | leave | gerund | all men and women not said here | the old people and young children | the town | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent people=Theme in town=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/7/28/